神农架国家公园野生动物对道路的时空适应动态研究  

Study on Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Wildlife Adaptation to Roads in Shennongjia National Park

作　　者：张溢 张宇 薛亚东[1,2] 程铭昊 李劲 余辉亮 蒋军 聂秀青 李迪强 ZHANG Yi;ZHANG Yu;XUE Yadong;CHENG Minghao;LI Jin;YU Huiliang;JIANG Jun;NIE Xiuqing;LI Diqiang(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Natural Protected Area,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Shengnongjia National Park Administration,Shennongjia 442421,China;Huibei Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation Biology of the Shennongjia Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey,Shennongjia 442421,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091 [2]生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091 [3]中国林业科学研究院自然保护地研究所,北京100091 [4]神农架国家公园管理局,湖北神农架442421 [5]神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室,湖北神农架442421

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2237-2246,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.CAFYBB2021MA014);神农架国家公园本底资源综合调查研究项目(No.SNJNP2022001);神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室开放课题基金(No.SNJGKL2022001)。

摘　　要：理解野生动物对人为干扰的响应有助于更好地制定野生动物保护和人为干扰管理策略。本研究基于2023年5-10月在神农架国家公园神农顶区域的红外相机监测数据,识别道路对物种多样性分布的影响,分析主要有蹄类相对多度与日活动节律,探讨野生动物对道路的时空响应,并与2014年红外相机数据比较以探究野生动物对道路的适应动态。结果表明:①2023年红外相机共记录到兽类5目14科24种,鸟类5目16科39种。②道路对物种多样性的分布具有显著影响,道路影响的阈值约为50 m和150 m。③野生动物从时间和空间两个维度回避人类活动高峰且回避程度具有物种特异性,梅花鹿表现为空间不回避、时间回避;小麂和中华斑羚表现为不同程度的时空回避,空间回避距离约为50 m。④在道路50 m范围内拍摄到豹猫、林麝等,梅花鹿、小麂、中华斑羚的相对多度较10年前更高。研究显示,野生动物通过调节自身活动节律适应道路干扰,对道路表现出一定的适应性。研究结果可为国家公园道路等人为活动管理措施的制定提供科学依据。Understanding wildlife responses to human disturbances can assist in the development of more effective wildlife conservation and human disturbance management strategies.This study identified the effects of roads on species diversity distribution based on infrared camera monitoring data from May to October 2023 in the Shennongding area of Shennongjia National Park.The spatial and temporal responses of wildlife to roads were explored by analyzing the relative abundance index and daily activity rhythms of major ungulates.Comparisons were also made with data captured by infrared cameras in 2014 to explore the dynamics of wildlife adaptation to roads.The results showed that:(1)In 2023,24 mammal species(across 5 orders and 14 families)and 39 species of birds(across 5 orders and 16 families)were recorded by the infrared camera.(2)Roads had a significant impact on the distribution of species diversity,and the distance thresholds for road impact were approximately 50 meters and 150 meters.(3)Wild animals avoided the peak of human activities from both temporal and spatial perspectives.This avoidance behavior varied between species,with Cervus nippon showing a lack of avoidance in terms of spatial proximity to roads,while Muntiacus reevesi and Naemorhedus griseus showed varying degrees of avoidance in both space and time,with the spatial avoidance distance being about 50 meters.(4)The activities of Prionailurus bengalensis and Moschus berezovskii photographed within 50 meters of the road,and the relative abundance of Cervus nippon,Muntiacus reevesi,and Naemorhedus griseus were higher than those of 10 years ago.The study shows that wild animals adapt to the disturbance caused by roads by adjusting their own activity rhythms and have a certain degree of adaptability to roads.The research findings can provide a scientific basis for developing management measures for human activities such as roads in national parks.

关 键 词：人为干扰 道路 日活动节律 红外相机 道路生态学 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]