基于环境DNA方法探究巢湖两栖动物多样性及分布特征  

Exploring Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Amphibians in Chaohu Lake Based on Environmental DNA

作　　者：孙晓萱 肖能文[1] 郭宁宁 高晓奇[1] 张硕 储昭升[3] SUN Xiaoxuan;XIAO Nengwen;GUO Ningning;GAO Xiaoqi;ZHANG Shuo;CHU Zhaosheng(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]山西农业大学林学院,山西晋中030801 [3]中国环境科学研究院,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2310-2323,共14页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：巢湖生物资源调查研究项目(No.2020-340181-77-01-037328)。

摘　　要：两栖动物在食物链和生态系统中具有重要地位,有效评估和监测两栖动物多样性是保护生物多样性的重要环节。该研究于2023年5月在巢湖池塘、河流、农田、湿地4种生境各选取10个调查点位,使用环境DNA(Environmental DNA,eDNA)技术探究两栖动物多样性,旨在摸清两栖动物多样性本底数据,探索两栖动物生境偏好与影响分布格局的环境因素。结果表明:①巢湖40个调查点位共检测出两栖动物4科5属7种,泽陆蛙在优势度指数(Y=0.303)和条带数占比(33%)上均表现出一定的优势。②池塘和湿地生境的群落结构相较于河流和农田生境差异性较大,河流生境内的物种丰富度低于其他生境。③泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriata)在池塘、农田和湿地生境中都具有一定的优势度,镇海林蛙(Rana zhenhaiensis)偏好池塘生境。④广义加性模型结果表明物种丰富度与海拔、水深均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明水宽、水温和pH均显著影响两栖动物的分布格局(P<0.05)。研究显示,巢湖池塘、河流、农田、湿地4种生境间群落结构和优势种存在差异,两栖动物的多样性和分布格局受到多种环境因子的作用,证明了环境DNA可作为调查巢湖两栖动物的有效方法。Amphibians play a pivotal role in the food chain and ecosystem.Effective assessment and monitoring of amphibian diversity are crucial steps in biodiversity conservation.In May 2023,10 investigation sites were selected in each of the four habitats around Chaohu Lake:ponds,rivers,croplands and wetlands.This study used environmental DNA technology to explore the diversity of amphibians and analyze the impact of environmental factors on the distribution pattern and the habitat preferences of amphibians.The results revealed that:(1)A total of 7 amphibians belonging to 4 families and 5 genera were detected at 40 sites in Chaohu Lake.Fejervarya multistriata was the dominant species in terms of dominance index and relative abundance.(2)Significant differences were observed in community structure and dominant species in different habitats.Ponds and wetlands showed greater dissimilarity in community structure compared to rivers and cropland,and the species richness in river habitats was lower.(3)Fejervarya multistriata was dominant in ponds,farmlands,and wetland habitats,while Rana zhenhaiensis preferred pond habitats.(4)Generalized Additive Models(GAMs)showed that species richness was significantly negatively correlated with altitude and water depth.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that water width,temperature,and pH also significantly influenced the distribution patterns of amphibians.The study showed that there were differences in community structure and dominant species among ponds,rivers,croplands and wetlands habitats in Chaohu Lake,and that the diversity and distribution pattern of amphibians were affected by a variety of environmental factors,proving that environmental DNA can be an effective method for investigating amphibians in Chaohu Lake.

关 键 词：两栖动物 环境DNA(eDNA) 环境因子 分布格局 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]