我国高速铁路与民航客运碳排放因子及其影响因素研究  

Study on carbon emission factors and their influencing factors in high-speed railway and civil aviation passenger transport in China

作　　者：毛保华[1] 赵义馨 李宁海 田佩宁 卢霞 MAO Baohua;ZHAO Yixin;LI Ninghai;TIAN Peining;LU Xia(Integrated Transport Research Center of China,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学中国综合交通研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报》2024年第4期11-21,共11页JOURNAL OF BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(T19A300050)。

摘　　要：针对高铁与民航碳排放测算可比性较低的问题,首先建立考虑发电与炼油过程的高铁与民航两种客运方式碳排放因子的测算框架与数学模型.其次采用我国目前高速铁路与民航的实际参数,计算两种方式的碳排放因子,并与西方部分发达国家的测算结果进行对比分析.最后基于两种方式碳排放因子值的影响因素分析,提出降低我国高铁与民航碳排放的主要方向.研究结果表明:考虑发电与炼油过程时,民航的碳排放因子约为高铁的3.6~3.9倍.我国高铁碳排放因子由于发电结构原因高于法国、日本与德国;轨道、桥梁、路基、隧道、电气化、车站及动车组等设施设备的更新维护使高速铁路碳排放因子增长约16%;我国民航碳排放因子因客座率高、平均运距大而低于美国、英国与日本;炼油过程与机场碳排放分别约占民航总碳排放的9.4%与4.6%.未来我国高铁的降碳方向为发电结构改善,而民航的降碳方向主要为航空燃料技术的革新.To address the low comparability in carbon emission estimates between High-Speed Railway(HSR) and Civil Aviation(CA),this study first establishes a carbon emission factor calculation framework and mathematical model for these two passenger transport modes,considering both power generation and oil refining processes.Then,using actual parameters of HSR and CA in China,the carbon emission factors of both modes are calculated and compared with those of several developed Western countries.The analysis of influencing factors on carbon emission factors for both modes is then conducted,and key directions for reducing carbon emissions in HSR and CA are proposed.The results show that when accounting for power generation and oil refining processes,the carbon emission factor of CA is approximately 3.6 to 3.9 times that of HSR.China's HSR carbon emission factor is higher than those of France,Japan,and Germany,due to its power generation structure.The maintenance and updating of infrastructure such as tracks,bridges,subgrades,tunnels,electrification systems,stations,and trains contribute to a roughly 16% increase in the carbon emission factor of HSR.The CA carbon emission factor in China is lower than that of the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan,due to higher load factors and longer average travel distances.Oil refining and airport-related emissions account for approximately 9.4% and 4.6%,respectively,of the total carbon emissions of CA.In the future,reducing carbon emissions for HSR in China will focus on improving the power generation structure,while for CA,the focus will be on advancements in aviation fuel technology.

关 键 词：航空运输 高速铁路 碳排放因子 旅客运输 降碳策略 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] X322[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]