线上线下诉讼程序转化制度重构  

Reconstruction of the System for the Transformation of Online and Offline Litigation Procedures

作　　者：朴顺善 崔鑫杰 PIAO Shunshan;CUI Xinjie

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院 [2]韩国高丽大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2024年第5期124-141,共18页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“在线民事诉讼当事人程序权益保障体系研究”(项目批准号:24BFX103)。

摘　　要：在线诉讼过程中,可能会出现当事人欠缺在线诉讼能力、不具备在线诉讼条件等不宜继续适用在线诉讼程序的情形,为保障当事人的合法权益,确保诉讼程序的公正和效率,就需要将在线诉讼程序转化为线下诉讼程序。《人民法院在线诉讼规则》赋予当事人在特定情形下申请将诉讼环节从在线诉讼转化为线下诉讼的权利,也赋予法院依职权进行转化的权利。但我国现有规则仍较为笼统模糊,导致实践中具体落实程序转化时问题频发。为完善在线诉讼线上线下程序转化制度,须牢牢把握“坚持在线与线下诉讼的平行架构”“保障当事人权利”“在线与线下诉讼功能等值”及“程序匹配”等核心制度要求,并从转化要件、法律效力规定、当事人程序选择权、程序异议机制、法官释明义务等方面进一步完善我国的在线诉讼线上线下程序转化制度。During the process of online litigation,there may be situations where parties lack the capability for online litigation or do not have the conditions suitable for online litigation,making it inappropriate to continue with the online litigation procedures.To safeguard the legal rights of the parties and ensure the fairness and efficiency of the litigation process,it is necessary to transform the online litigation procedures into offline litigation procedures.The Rules of Online Litigation of People’s Courts grants parties the right to apply for the transformation of litigation stages from online to offline under specific circumstances and also grants the court the right to transform by its authority.However,the existing rules in China are still relatively vague,leading to frequent problems in the practical implementation of procedural transformation.To improve the system of procedural transformation between online and offline litigation,it is essential to firmly grasp the core institutional requirements of“maintaining the parallel structure of online and offline litigation”“right protection”“functional equivalence”and“procedure matching”.Furthermore,it is necessary to further improve China’s online and offline litigation procedural transformation system from aspects such as transformation requirements,legal effect provisions,the right of procedural selection for parties,procedural objection mechanisms,and the interpretation obligation of judges.

关 键 词：在线诉讼 程序选择权 程序转化 智能化 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]