37份薄壳山核桃种质形态指标与营养成分差异分析  

Analysis of Differences in Morphological Indicators and Nutritional Components of 37 Carya illinoinensis Germplasms

作　　者：万众 顾晓波 冯博杰 陈炳宇 侯志颖 李健[4] 周天焕 WAN Zhong;GU Xiaobo;FENG Bojie;CHEN Bingyu;HOU Zhiying;LI Jian;ZHOU Tianhuan(Anji County Forestry Bureau,anji,Zhejing 31130;District Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Hangzhou Lin’an,Hangzhou 311300,China;Forestry Extension Center,Zhejiang Forestry Bureau,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310000;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311300;Zhejiang Provincial Forest Resources Monitoring Center,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]安吉县林业局,浙江安吉313300 [2]杭州市临安区农业农村局,浙江杭州311300 [3]浙江省林业局林业推广总站,浙江杭州310009 [4]浙江农林大学,亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,浙江杭州311300 [5]浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2024年第5期62-72,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02066-12);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02054);科技部高端外国专家引进计划(G2021016035L)。

摘　　要：以国内外收集和引进的37份不同薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis种质为材料,测定其果实形态指标及营养成分,并分析这些指标和成分的差异性和相关性,综合评价37份薄壳山核桃种质。结果表明:不同薄壳山核桃种质形态指标之间存在明显差异,其中ZL42的鲜果质量和籽粒质量最大,ZL58的出仁率最高,达46.2%,ML11的出籽率最高,达43.98%;对果实形态指标进行相关性分析发现,鲜果质量和籽粒质量、种仁质量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),其相关系数分别为0.837和0.771;在主成分分析中,发现鲜果质量、籽粒重、种仁质量、出仁率、出籽率和籽壳厚占正向主导作用,籽形指数占负向主导作用,ZL42、HL30、ZL59、ZL19和HL38形态指标综合评价较高。薄壳山核桃平均粗脂肪含量为67.98%,其中HL43粗脂肪含量最高;ML17不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,ZL57油酸含量最高,HL40亚油酸含量最高。HL40中人体必需氨基酸、鲜味类氨基酸、甜味类氨基酸、药用氨基酸含量最高。综合评价较好的薄壳山核桃种质是ZL42、ZL57、ZL58、ZL59、ML3、ML17、ML11、ML29、HL29、HL30和HL40,为薄壳山核桃良种选育和推广应用提供理论参考。Fruit morphological indices and nutritive compositions were measured,differences and correlations were examined,and 37 different pecan(Carya illinoinensis)germplasms were used as materials to comprehensively evaluate the 37 pecan germplasms.The findings indicated that there were substantial differences in the morphological indices of the various pecan germplasms,with ZL42 having the greatest fresh fruit mass and kernel weight,ZL58 having the highest kernel yield,reaching 46.2%,and ML11 having the highest seed yield(43.98%).The fresh fruit mass was positively correlated with kernel weight and kernel mass,according to the correlation analysis of fruit morphological indicators,with correlation coefficients of 0.837and 0.771,respectively.Fresh fruit mass,kernel weight,kernel mass,kernel yield,seed yield,and shell thickness were found to have a positive leading function in the principal component analysis,while seed shape index played a negative leading role.ZL42,HL30,ZL59,ZL19,and HL38 showed higher comprehensive evaluation in morphological indicators.The pecan had an average crude fat level of 67.98%,with HL43 having the greatest crude fat concentration.ML17 had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content,ZL57 had the highest oleic acid content,and HL40 had the highest linoleic acid content.HL40 also had the highest content of essential amino acids,umami amino acids,sweet amino acids,and medicinal amino acids.The pecan germplasms with better comprehensive evaluations were ZL42,ZL57,ZL58,ZL59,ML3,ML17,ML11,ML29,HL29,HL30,and HL40.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 形态指标 营养成分 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]