蚕沙有机肥对雷竹笋产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Silkworm excrement Organic Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Phyllostachys violascens'Prevernalis'Shoots

作　　者：倪惠菁 赵建诚 仲建平 高百龙 王梁 石坚 NI Huijing;ZHAO Jiancheng;ZHONG Jianping;GAO Bailong;WANG Liang;SHI Jian(Zhejiang Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center,Huzhou,313000,Zhejiang,China;Huzhou Wukang Hongfa Zaoyuan Bamboo Professional Cooperative Huzhou,313000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省林业科学研究院,浙江杭州310023 [2]德清县生态林业综合服务中心,浙江湖州313000 [3]湖州市武康宏发早园竹专业合作社,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2024年第5期80-85,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省省属科研院所扶持专项(2021F1065-3)。

摘　　要：为了探明蚕沙有机肥对雷竹Phyllostachys violascens‘Prevernalis’笋产量和品质的影响,本研究以不施肥(CK)雷竹林作为对照,比较不同蚕沙有机肥施肥量(T1处理:低量施肥7500 kg·hm^(-2),T2处理:中量施肥15000 kg·hm^(-2),T3处理:高量施肥22500 kg·hm^(-2))对雷竹笋产量和品质的影响,为雷竹林科学高效经营和高品质雷竹笋生产提供参考。结果表明:3种蚕沙有机肥施肥量对雷竹笋的产量和品质均有显著影响(P<0.05)。与CK相比,3种蚕沙有机肥施肥量均显著提升了雷竹笋产量(P<0.05),分别为CK的1.44、1.54和1.87倍;3种蚕沙有机肥施肥量均显著提升了雷竹笋中蛋白质、总黄酮、维生素C和总氨基酸含量以及鲜味氨基酸含量和所占比例(P<0.05),提高了雷竹笋的营养成分;3种蚕沙有机肥施肥量均显著降低了雷竹笋的可溶性糖、木质素和纤维素含量以及苦味氨基酸含量和所占比例(P<0.05),低量和中量蚕沙有机肥处理显著降低了雷竹笋中的单宁含量(P<0.05),中量和高量蚕沙有机肥处理显著降低了雷竹笋中的草酸含量(P<0.05),降低了雷竹笋的酸涩感、粗糙度,提高了其适口性。因此,适量的蚕沙有机肥可以促进雷竹笋增产和竹笋品质提升。In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer from silkworm excrement on the yield and quality of Phyllostachys violascens'Prevernalis'shoots,this study compared different fertilization rates of silkworm excrement organic fertilizers(CK:no fertilizer;T1:low,7500 kg·hm~(-2);T2:medium,15000 kg·hm~(-2);T3:high,22500 kg·hm~(-2)).The findings aim to provide a reference for the scientific and efficient management of P.violascens'Prevernalis'forests and the production of high-quality P.violascens'Prevernalis'shoots.The results showed that the fertilization rates of the three types of silkworm excrement organic fertilizers had a significant impact on the yield and quality of P.violascens'Prevernalis'shoots.Compared with CK,the application of these fertilizers significantly increased the yield of P.violascens'Prevernalis'shoots by 1.44,1.54,and 1.87 times,respectively.Moreover,the application of the fertilizers significantly increased the content of protein,total flavonoids,vitamin C,and total amino acids,as well as the content and proportion of umami amino acids in the bamboo shoots,thereby improving their nutritional composition.Additionally,the fertilizers significantly reduced the content and proportion of soluble sugars,lignin,cellulose,and bitter amino acids.Low and medium amounts of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the tannin content in bamboo shoots,while medium and high amounts significantly reduced the oxalic acid content,reducing the acidity and roughness of the bamboo shoots and improving their palatability.Therefore,an appropriate amount of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer can promote yield increase and quality improvement of bamboo shoots.

关 键 词：蚕沙 雷竹笋 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学] S795[农业科学—农业基础科学]