激发灵感还是限制思维?线索作用于创造性思维的影响因素及认知机制  

Inspiration or Fixation?Factors Influencing External Cue Effect on Creativity and the Cognitive Mechanism Underlying It

作　　者：袁欢 李楠 Yuan Huan;Li Nan(School of Education,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou,215009)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学教育学院,苏州215009

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第5期1096-1102,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究“线索促进创造力的边界条件探究及推荐算法的运用(21YJC190021)”;江苏省高校哲学和社会科学研究(2021SJA1401)项目的资助。

摘　　要：提供外部线索是创造力支持系统的重要研究分支。目前学界对线索的促进作用尚存分歧,原因在于线索特征、任务类型、实验范式等影响因素的操纵不同。学者对影响因素探究虽多,但对其认知机制则较少涉及。本文在梳理文献基础上采用联想记忆观点搜索理论、创造力认知网络模型等理论对其认知机制进行解释。未来研究需从实验范式标准化、区分创造性认知阶段、使用认知神经科学等方法及重视线索加工的个体差异等角度进行深化和扩展。Providing external cues is one of the common approaches to inspire creative ideation.Though researchers tend to present external cues such as example solutions to enhance creativity,its effect is still on debate.Inspiration or fixation?The effect largely depends on factors such as cue features,form of cues,and timing.However,how do these factors interact with the creative process is still unknown.To explain the cognitive process underlying this effect,we adopted the Search for Ideas in Associative Memory theory(SIAM)and the Cognitive Network Model of Creativity theory(CNM).According to the SIAM theory,idea generation is a repeated search process in associative memory.External cues serve as the search cues that activate problem-relevant knowledge,which further facilitate idea generation.As the CNM model argues,the long-term memory is seen as an associative network and the working memory contains activated knowledge.Both theories contribute to the creative ideation.This paper reviewed the studies of how these factors affecting creative ideation.Moreover,the two theories were used to explain the possible mechanisms underlying these factors'influence.For example,external cue features such as idea novelty and relevance function differently on creativity.Some researchers found that common ideas improved creative ideation,while others suggested that they would induce cognitive fixation and consequently block the generation of new ideas.Cues(e.g.,examples)can either be novel or common,which may affect the categories of problem-relevant knowledge that are activated.This may eventually moderate the example effect on creative idea generation.According to the SIAM theory,novel examples being as searching cues may activate remote concepts in associative network which will be further combined into original ideas.However,it must be noted that the activation of associative network may be different in different stages of creative idea generation.When solving the debate on effect of external cue novelty on creativity,the creative

关 键 词：创造力 激发创造 线索特征 呈现方式 呈现时间 认知过程 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]