贪婪与跨期决策的关系:基于解释水平理论的探讨  

Greed and Intertemporal Choice: An Explanation from Construal Level Theory

作　　者：李晓明[1,2,3,4] 孟员 刘小丹 Li Xiaoming;Meng Yuan;Liu Xiaodan(Department of Psychology,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081;Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081;Center of Cultural and Social Psychology,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081;Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Changsha,410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学心理系,长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学交叉科学研究院,长沙410081 [3]湖南师范大学文化与社会心理研究中心,长沙410081 [4]湖南师范大学认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第5期1224-1234,共11页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(21YBA044)的资助。

摘　　要：研究通过测查或客观操纵个体的解释水平,旨在基于解释水平理论探讨贪婪与跨期决策的关系及作用机制。结果发现:个体越贪婪,越倾向选择近期小收益选项,其解释水平也越低;一般解释水平可中介贪婪与跨期决策的关系;客观操纵的解释水平可调节二者间的关系,相比控制组,高解释水平可有效缓冲贪婪对跨期决策的不利影响。研究表明,贪婪会通过降低个体对事件的解释水平使其更倾向选择近期小收益选项,通过提升贪婪者的解释水平可有效改善其短视倾向。Greed refers to the insatiable tendency and the desire to acquire more.In recent years,researchers have mainly focused on developing measures of dispositional greed and examining the psychological and behavioral outcomes associated with greed.Greed is seen as a double-edged sword for both individual and organizational development.On the one hand,greed is the driving force of socio-economic development.On the other hand,greed can harm the interests of individuals and organizations.Intertemporal decision making involves trade-offs between outcomes that occur at different points in time.In this paper,we examined the relationship between greed and intertemporal choice and revealed the mechanism from a construal-level perspective.We conducted three studies using the self-report method(Study 1 and Study 2)and the experimental method(Study 3).Study 1(N=309)tested the correlation between greed and intertemporal choice.Intertemporal choice was measured by individuals'preference in the environmental protection and money choice tasks.Greed was assessed using the Dispositional Greed Scale(DGS).Study 2(N=426)measured greed,chronic construal level,and subjective value of delayed options in intertemporal decision making tasks,testing the mediating role of construal level in the relation between greed and intertemporal decision making.Construal level was assessed using the Behavioral Identification Form(BIF).Study 3(N=330)used a 3(construal level:high vs.low vs.control;between-participants)×greed(measured)experimental design to seek further evidence for the construal level mechanism.Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions(high-level construal;low-level construal;control).Participants in the high-level construal condition were asked to focus their attention on why they did something,and participants in the low-level construal condition were asked to focus attention on how they did something.We tested whether the effect of greed on intertemporal decision-making was reduced when construal levels were man

关 键 词：贪婪 解释水平 跨期决策 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]