不同燕麦品种在三江源区的生产性能和营养品质综合评价  

A multi-trait evaluation of production performance and nutritional quality of different oat varieties in the Sanjiangyuan area

作　　者：王金兰 王小军 刘启林 梁国玲[2,3] 琚泽亮 石红梅 汪小兵 文培 青梅然丁 李文 WANG Jin-lan;WANG Xiao-jun;LIU Qi-lin;LIANG Guo-ling;JU Ze-liang;SHI Hong-mei;WANG Xiao-bing;WEN Pei;Qingmeiranding;LI Wen(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China;Animal Husbandry Station,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Hezuo 747000,China;Qinghai Runda Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Company Limited,Maqin 814000,China;Yushu Amixue Dairy Development Company Limited,Zhiduo 815400,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]甘南藏族自治州畜牧工作站,甘肃合作747000 [5]青海润达农牧科技有限责任公司,青海玛沁814000 [6]玉树阿米雪乳业发展有限公司,青海治多815400

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第10期83-95,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602306,2022YFD1602308);青海省帅才科学家负责制项目(2023-NK-147-1);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜三江源区种植的优质高产燕麦品种,本研究以15个燕麦品种为对象,在班玛县和治多县开展引种评比试验,分析不同燕麦品种的农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状特征,采用分段结构方程模型探讨品种、种植区域及其交互作用如何通过影响农艺性状和产量性状进而影响营养品质,并采用TOPSIS-多准则决策模型对供试品种的各项指标进行综合评价,以筛选出适宜三江源区种植的优良燕麦品种,从而为该区的饲草生产提供数据支撑。结果表明:15个燕麦品种均不能实现籽粒成熟,无法完成整个生长周期。青燕2号、青燕5号和青引1号株高较高,为82.2~89.7 cm;青燕4号、青燕3号和青燕5号干草产量较高,为1012.3~1167.1 g·m^(-2);青引2号、陇燕1号和青燕5号的粗蛋白含量较高,为7.6%~8.1%;青燕5号的茎叶比、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量较低,而相对饲用价值较高。结构方程模型分析表明,品种、种植区域及其交互作用主要通过影响产量和株高间接影响燕麦的营养品质。TOPSIS-多准则决策模型分析表明,青燕5号和青燕3号既能维持较高的生产性能,又具有较好的营养品质,是三江源地区理想种植的燕麦品种。The objective of this research was to identify oat(Avena sativa)varieties providing high yield and suitable for planting in the Sanjiangyuan area.Fifteen oat varieties were selected for testing,and their agronomic traits,yield traits and quality traits evaluated,in connection with oat variety introduction in Banma County and Zhiduo County.The piecewise structural equation model was used to explore how varieties,region and their interactions affected nutritional quality via agronomic traits and yield traits,and a multi-criterion decision model-TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal)was used to perform an integrated evaluation of the various indexes of tested oat varieties,thus identifying varieties with high performance and suitable for planting in the Sanjiangyuan area,and providing supporting data for forage production in this area.It was found that:None of the 15 oat varieties achieved seed maturity and completed the growth period.The plant height of A.sativa cultivars Qingyan No.2,Qingyan No.5 and Qingyin No.1(82.2-89.7 cm)were higher than other oat varieties.The hay yields of A.sativa cultivars Qingyan No.4,Qingyan No.3 and Qingyan No.5(1012.3-1167.1 g·m^(-2))were highest,while the crude protein contents of A.sativa cultivars Qingyin No.2,Longyan No.1 and A.sativa cv.Qingyan No.5(7.6%-8.1%).were higher than those of other varieties.The cultivar Qingyan No.5 had lower stem∶leaf,acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents,and accordingly relative feeding value was higher than other cultivars.The sructural equation model analysis showed that varieties,region and their interactions indirectly affected the nutritional quality of oats,mainly through oat yield and height.The integrated multi-trait evaluation using a TOPSIS model showed that A.sativa cultivars Qingyan No.5 and Qingyan No.3 not only provided high yield performance,but also had high nutritional quality.These two oat varieties are therefore recommended for planting in the Sanjiangyuan area.

关 键 词：三江源区 燕麦 生产性能 营养品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]