文通字顺的西周康王之诰命——大盂鼎铭文新释  

A Clear and Coherent Written Announcement of King Kang of the Western Zhou Dynasty:Re-interpretating the Inscription on the Dayu-Ding

作　　者：李守奎[1,2] Li Shoukui

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院中文系,北京100084 [2]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期51-60,共10页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“楚文字综合整理与楚文字学的构建”(18ZDA304);古文字工程(2021—2025)规划项目“汉字文化传承与传播基地建设”(G1814)。

摘　　要：大盂鼎铭是西周早期唯一接近三百字的完整长篇铭文,内容丰富,堪比《尚书》中的一篇周诰。周诰佶屈聱牙,向来难读。大盂鼎的文字释读问题基本上解决,铭文虽然大致可通,但其中有多处依旧不顺,学者多有争议。本文着眼全篇,从用字、构词、句法、仪节等不同角度对一些关键问题的已有观点进行审视取舍,提出己见,疏通全篇。文中区分了铭文中“在”与“才”古今用字的不同,补证“在”读为“载”与“士”;与小盂鼎仪节互证,确定了“妹辰有大服”的含义;从全篇着眼,读“二三正”为“二三政”,等等。重新释读的大盂鼎铭文文通字顺,略无佶屈聱牙之弊。传世周诰比西周金文难读的主要原因是传抄讹误,随着出土文献材料的增多,彼此相证,有望让西周文献逐渐回归文通字顺。The inscription on the Dayu-Ding大盂鼎is the only known complete lengthy inscription from the early Western Zhou period,with nearly 300 characters and rich content that is comparable to an announcement of Zhou周诰in Shangshu尚书.The announcements of Zhou are obscure and difficult to understand.The textual interpretation of the inscription on Dayu-Ding has been mostly resolved.However,the text,though generally understandable,still contains phrases that are confusing and disputed among scholars.This paper takes a comprehensive approach,examining and selecting existing viewpoints on several key issues from different angles,such as word choice,word formation,syntax,and formality,offering personal insights to clarify the entire text.Among other points,the paper distinguishes the ancient and modern usages of the characters“在”and“才”in inscriptions,providing evidence that“在”should be read as“载”and“士”.It verifies the meaning of“妹辰有大服”through cross-references with the ceremonies on the Xiaoyu-Ding.Taking the entire text into account,it interprets“二三正”as“二三政”.The reinterpreted Dayu-Ding inscription demonstrates clarity and coherence,avoiding the convoluted expression common in some texts.The primary reason for the challenges in understanding the announcements of Zhou inscriptions compared to the Western Zhou bronzes is the copying errors.With the increasing discovery of archaeological materials,cross-referencing these sources may gradually restore the clarity and coherence of Western Zhou texts.

关 键 词：大盂鼎 西周 诰命仪节 虚词用字 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学] K877.3[历史地理—中国史]