从派系整肃到教育系统变革:教育部整顿学风的政治实践与民国北京政府的权威重塑  

From Factional Purging to Educational System Reform:The Education Ministry’s Rectification of Academic Ethosand the Authority Restoration of the Beijing Government

作　　者：商盛阳 Shang Shengyang

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界文明史研究中心,长春130024

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期89-99,共11页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：五四运动以来北京学界在与教育部的博弈中屡占上风,“好人政府”下台后教育部开始整顿学风。从直系统治后期、执政府时期再到安国军政府掌权期间,以“政”治“学”力度不断增强。直系统治后期教育部在彭允彝带领下扩张湘籍势力,矛头直指“浙籍学阀”,开启整顿学风先河。执政府时期教育部转变策略,从思想文化入手,将整顿对象扩大到北京学界中受新文化影响的师生,受众更广。安国军政府上台后教育部重组专门以上教育体系,直接管辖整个北京学界,在制度变革的基础上灌输旧道德,将以“政”治“学”推向巅峰。但与此同时北京学界活力也彻底丧失,军阀政治下政学关系似乎永远难以平衡,直至国民政府统治时期仍是困扰当局的棘手难题。Since the May 4th Movement,Beijing academic circles have repeatedly won the upper hand in the negotiation with the Ministry of Education,and the Ministry of Education began to rectify the academic practices after the ousting of“good government”.From the late Zhili clique直系,the Directoire Executif and then the Anguo Military Government安国军政府in power,the government continued to strengthen its political influence over academic community.In the late period of Zhili clique,under the leadership of Peng Yunyi彭允彝,the Ministry expanded the Hunan forces,directly targeting the“Zhejiang academic oligarchs”and initiating the first steps toward academic rectification.During the period of Directoire Executif,the Ministry changed its strategy by addressing ideological and cultural aspects,broadening the rectification target to the teachers and students in the academic circles in Beijing affected by the the New Culture Movement,thereby reaching a wider audience.After the Anguo Military Government came to power,the Ministry reorganized the higher education system,exerting direct control over the entire academic community in Beijing,instilling the traditional morals on the basis of institutional reform,pushing the intertwining of politics and academia to new heights.However,this led to a complete loss of vitality in Beijing academic community.The relationship between politics and academia under the warlord politics seems perpetually unbalanced,which continued to be a thorny issue for the authorities even during the rule of the Nationalist Government.

关 键 词：民国北京政府教育部 整顿学风 以“政”治“学” 政治整合 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学] K258[文化科学—教育技术学]