生态保护区地下水环境受隧道开挖影响敏感性评价  

Assessment of Sensitivity of Groundwater Environment in Ecological Reserves To Tunnel Excavation Impacts

作　　者：张竹清 ZHANG Zhuqing(Design Management Department,Xiamen Railway Construction and Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361001,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门轨道建设发展集团有限公司设计管理部,厦门361001

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第10期207-215,共9页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：厦门轨道交通集团有限公司科技开发课题(20210436)。

摘　　要：隧道开挖会打破原有地下水平衡,导致地下水流失,造成水资源浪费,破坏当地生态环境。而如何有效预测未开挖隧道对地下水环境影响,并用来指导施工,是隧道开挖过程中减少水资源损失的重点。通过研究隧址区的自然地理、工程地质、水文地质等影响因素,构建评价体系,结合层次分析法和模糊数学建立地下水环境受隧道开挖影响的敏感性评价模型,以厦门地铁3号线南延段万石山隧道为例,对隧址区进行评价。考虑当前研究得出的评价结果多为隧道对环境的整体性评价,而隧道的地下水环境影响由于区域地质条件不同且有断层破碎带等特殊地质会使其存在差异,故按照隧道掘进方向,对不同围岩级别里程断面分别进行评价。研究发现:以断面K5+540为例,其综合评价指标为2.8648,属于一般~较强之间;整体隧址区地下水环境可分为影响敏感性较强~强、一般~较强、一般~较弱、较弱~弱等4个层次。经现场物探和其他评价模型应用验证,分区结果具有合理性和可靠性,可为工程防排水方案设计提供参考。Tunnel excavation breaks the original groundwater balance,leading to groundwater loss,wastage of water resources,and damage to the local ecological environment.The focus is on effectively predicting the impact of unexcavated tunnels on the groundwater environment and using this prediction to guide construction.This study established an evaluation system by analyzing factors such as natural geography,engineering geology and hydrogeology at the tunnel site.The sensitivity evaluation model of groundwater environment affected by tunnel excavation was established by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and fuzzy mathematics.The tunnel site was evaluated based on the Wanshishan tunnel on the southern extension of Xiamen rail line 3.Given that previous research primarily provided an overall assessment of the environmental impact of tunnels,while the impact on the groundwater environment varied due to different regional geological conditions and special features such as fault fracture zones,this study evaluated different mileage sections along the tunnel excavation route based on surrounding rock grades.The study found that,for section K5+540,the comprehensive evaluation index was 2.8648,indicating a sensitivity level between average and moderately strong.Overall,the groundwater environment of the whole tunnel site was categorized into four levels:moderately strong to strong,average to moderately strong,average to moderately weak,moderately weak to weak.Validation through field geophysical exploration and other assessment models confirmed the reliability and rationality of the findings,providing a valuable reference for the design of water control and drainage schemes in engineering projects.

关 键 词：隧道施工 生态保护区 地下水环境 敏感性评价 层次分析法 模糊数学 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U455[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] X828[环境科学与工程—环境工程]