楔块式自动调平机构设计与控制策略研究  

Design and Control Strategy of Wedge-type Automatic Leveling Mechanism

作　　者：李翔宇 韩璟宇 郝伟[1] 谢梅林[1] 廉学正 阮萍[1] 田广元[1] LI Xiangyu;HAN Jingyu;HAO Wei;XIE Meilin;LIAN Xuezheng;RUAN Ping;TIAN Guangyuan(Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology of CAS,Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所中国科学院空间精密测量重点实验室,西安710119 [2]中国科学院大学光电学院,北京100049

出　　处：《光子学报》2024年第9期192-204,共13页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61805275);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(No.XAB2017B27)。

摘　　要：针对目前使用的经纬仪调平机构人为手动操作方法存在的调平耗时长、结构易损和难调平问题,设计了一种具备稳定自锁特性的大行程、高分辨率楔块式自动调平机构,提出了楔块式机电调平组件联动的并行调平控制策略。实验结果表明,所设计楔块式自动调平机构可实现调平行程±0.25°范围内的经纬仪调平,且调平角分辨率<0.01″。同时,基于并行调平控制策略,将绕X轴和Y轴的垂直轴轴线倾斜量从334″和-248″调整至2″误差范围内的调平耗时仅为17 s,相比于串行调平控制策略,调平时间显著缩短,调平效率明显提升。The theodolite,an optical instrument utilized for measuring the azimuth and pitch angle of spatial targets,operates on the principle of angle measurement,finding extensive application in aviation,construction,and various other industries.Functioning as a precision optical measuring device,the theodolite necessitates meticulous high-precision leveling through a leveling mechanism prior to operation.This ensures alignment of the vertical axis with the earth´s plumb line,thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of azimuth and pitch angle measurements within the geodetic coordinate system.The leveling mechanism within the theodolite predominantly consists of screw jack and wedge types,both manually operated.Employing a cyclic approximation leveling mode,the theodolite achieves semi-locking post-coarse leveling at wide angles,followed by re-locking after fine leveling at narrow angles,thereby completing the leveling process while maintaining adequate stable support.However,in practical engineering applications,the proficiency and experience of the operator significantly impact the time required to adjust the theodolite´s vertical axis to an error of≤5″,a process that typically takes around 30 minutes.This duration constitutes 50%of the total deployment time of the theodolite.Attaining a tilt error of≤2″necessitates additional leveling cycles and prolonged operation time.Consequently,the time-consuming nature of high-precision manual leveling severely impedes the deployment speed of the theodolite.Moreover,the cyclic approximation leveling mode´s influence on fine leveling of the locking mechanism,particularly at small angles,relies on the elastic or plastic deformation of transmission components within the leveling mechanism.Repeated leveling cycles hasten the deterioration of the leveling mechanism,significantly undermining the theodolite´s reliability.Addressing the challenges associated with high-precision manual leveling,this paper introduces the design of an automatic leveling mechanism of the wedge type,cha

关 键 词：经纬仪 轴线倾斜量 调平机构 结构设计 调平策略 

分 类 号：TH745[机械工程—光学工程]