不同砧木沃柑果实发育过程中糖酸组分含量变化及品质综合评价  

Changes in sugar and acid components contents and comprehen⁃sive quality evaluation during fruit development of Orah with different rootstocks

作　　者：秦玉燕 罗义灿 邓有展 王运儒 吴凤 张莉娟 单彬 岑舒梦 QIN Yu-yan;LUO Yi-can;DENG You-zhan;WANG Yun-ru;WU Feng;ZHANG Li-juan;SHAN Bin;CEN Shu-meng(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;College of Food and Quality Engineering,Nanning University,Nanning,Guangxi 541699,China)

机构地区：[1]广西亚热带作物研究所/农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁530001 [2]广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁530001 [3]南宁学院食品与质量工程学院,广西南宁541699

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第8期2201-2214,共14页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA196006);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-05-03);中国绿色食品发展中心项目(PJ2023-014)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同砧木沃柑在果实发育过程中的糖酸组分变化,并综合评价果实品质,确定各砧木沃柑的最佳采收期,为沃柑的科学种植和管理提供理论依据。【方法】以枳壳、香橙和酸橘3种砧木沃柑为研究对象,考察其果实在2022年7月—2023年4月生长发育过程中糖酸组分的动态变化规律,并利用主成分分析法对果实品质进行综合评价。【结果】不同砧木沃柑在果实发育过程中的糖酸组分含量有所差异,但整体变化趋势基本一致。随着果实发育成熟,可溶性固形物、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和总可溶性糖含量,以及甜度值、甜酸比、固酸比呈上升趋势;麦芽糖、可滴定酸、柠檬酸和总有机酸含量呈下降趋势;苹果酸含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;维生素C(Vc)和莽草酸含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;苯甲酸和酒石酸含量相对稳定;琥珀酸含量呈现波动变化。各品质指标之间存在一定相关性,其中可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、总可溶性糖、甜度值、固酸比和甜酸比两两指标间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),可滴定酸、柠檬酸和总有机酸两两指标间也呈极显著正相关。枳壳砧和香橙砧沃柑果实在4月综合品质最佳,酸橘砧沃柑果实在3月综合品质最佳。3种砧木中,11—12月枳壳砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;1月香橙砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;2月酸橘砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;3—4月枳壳砧和酸橘砧沃柑果实的综合得分高于香橙砧沃柑。【结论】3种砧木沃柑在3—4月的综合品质高于1—2月。在广西地区,沃柑12月采收宜选择枳壳砧沃柑,1—2月采收宜选择香橙砧或酸橘砧沃柑,3—4月采收宜选择枳壳砧或酸橘砧沃柑。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the changes in sugar and acid components during the fruit development of Orah grafted onto different rootstocks and to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality to determine the optimal harvest time for each rootstock.The findings would provide theoretical basis for the scientific cultivation and management of Orah.【Method】Orah with Poncirus trifoliate Raf,Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka and C.reticulata Blanco as rootstocks were selected as research subjects to investigate the dynamic changes in sugar,acid,and other fruit components from July 2022 to April 2023,and the fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis.【Result】The sugar and acid components contents of Orah varied among different rootstocks during fruit development,though the overall trends were consistent.As the fruit developed and matured,contents of soluble solids,sucrose,glucose,fructose,total soluble sugars,as well as sweetness value,sweetness-to-acid ratio and solid-to-acid ratio increased,while contents of maltose,titratable acid,citric acid and total organic acids decreased.Malic acid content initially decreased and then increased,while vitamin C(Vc)and shikimic acid contents first increased and then decreased.Benzoic acid and tartaric acid contents remained relatively stable,while succinic acid content fluctuated.Correlations were observed among various quality indicators.Each two of soluble solids,fructose,glucose,sucrose,total soluble sugars,sweetness value,sweetness-to-acid ratio and solid-to-acid ratio were all extremely significantly positively correlated(P<0.01,the same below),each two of titratable acid,citric acid and total organic acids were extremely significantly positively correlated.Orah with P.trifoliate Raf and C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka as rootstocks had the best overall quality in April,while Orah with C.reticulata Blanco as rootstock had the best overall quality in March.Among the 3 rootstocks,from November to December,Orah with P.trifoliate Raf

关 键 词：沃柑 砧木 果实发育 可溶性糖 有机酸 品质评价 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]