3种新型抗冻材料应用于配子及胚胎冷冻保存的研究进展  

Novel Antifreeze Materials for Gamete and Embryo Cryopreservation Applications

作　　者：王宇婵 吕文发 马馨 郭晶 赵静 WANG Yuchan;LYU Wenfa;MA Xin;GUO Jing;ZHAO Jing(Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物生产及产品质量安全教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2024年第10期35-40,共6页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200401);国家自然科学基金(82101643);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：配子及胚胎的冷冻保存是将配子及胚胎在超低温条件下冷冻,达到可以长期保存的目的。冷冻保存技术在种质资源保护、保存和改良动物基因等方面发挥重要作用。由于传统冷冻保护剂具有毒性,目前研究人员正致力于开发毒性低、抗冻效果显著的新型抗冻材料,如抗冻蛋白、纳米材料和聚合物。本文简述了冷冻保存技术的原理及存在问题,综述了3种新型抗冻材料的抗冻机制及应用进展,并从材料工程的角度为冷冻保存配子及胚胎提供一个新的视角,为更多新型材料的开发拓展新思路。Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is the freezing of gametes and embryos under ultra-low temperature conditions to achieve the purpose of long-term preservation.Cryopreservation technology plays an important role in germplasm conservation,preservation and improvement of animal genes.Due to the toxicity of traditional cryoprotectants,researchers are currently working on the development of new antifreeze materials with low toxicity and significant antifreeze effect,such as antifreeze proteins,nanomaterials and polymers.This paper briefly describes the principles and problems of cryopreservation technology,summarizes the antifreeze mechanism and application progress of three new antifreeze materials,and provides a new perspective for cryopreservation of gametes and embryos from the perspective of materials engineering,aiming to expand new ideas for the development of more novel materials.

关 键 词：冷冻保存 配子 胚胎 冷冻保护剂 抗冻蛋白 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]