论通知第三人参加诉讼标准的能动权衡  

On the Active Balancing of Standards for Notifying Third Parties to Participate in Litigation

作　　者：徐丹阳 Xu Danyang

机构地区：[1]上海市虹口区人民法院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第4期76-87,共12页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：我国民事诉讼法并未明确通知第三人参加诉讼的标准。法律条文表述的“同案件处理结果有法律上的利害关系”之条件,易导致通知范围无限扩大。从民事诉讼法整体解读来看,前述条件应为有权申请作为第三人参加诉讼的最大范围。鉴于二审法院以未通知案外人作为第三人参加诉讼为由,将一审判决发回重审的根本原因在于由此导致的认定基本事实不清,故通知案外人作为第三人参加诉讼的必要范围应为该案外人与案件基本事实的查明有密切关联。据此,法院对于“同案件处理结果有法律上的利害关系”的案外人应作不同处理:一方面,能动权衡案外人是否属于“必要范围”,通知属该范围内的案外人参加诉讼;另一方面,对仅属“最大范围”的案外人,根据其与案件的关联程度,能动权衡是否告知其有相关案件存在,以确保其申请参加诉讼的权利。The Civil Procedure Law of our country does not specify the standard for notifying third parties to participate in litigation.The condition stated in legal provisions that there is a legal interest in the outcome of the case can easily lead to an infinite expansion of the scope of notification.From the overall interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law,the above conditions should be the maximum scope of the right to apply to participate in litigation as a third party.Given that the fundamental reason for the second instance court sending the first instance judgment back for retrial on the grounds of not notifying an outsider to participate in the litigation as a third party is the unclear determination of the basic facts,the necessary scope for notifying an outsider to participate in the litigation as a third party should be that the outsider is closely related to the determination of the basic facts of the case.Based on this,the court should handle non parties who have a legal interest in the same case differently:on the one hand,it should actively weigh whether non parties belong to the"necessary scope"and notify them to participate in the litigation within that scope;On the other hand,for non parties who only belong to the"maximum scope"of the case,based on their degree of association with the case,they can actively weigh whether to inform them of the existence of relevant cases to ensure their right to apply for participation in litigation.

关 键 词：第三人 能动司法 通知参加诉讼 发回重审 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]