岳麓简所见秦基层社会的法律观念  

Legal Conceptions of Qin Grassroots Society and Their Significance as Seen in the Yuelu Qin Manuscripts

作　　者：李勤通 Li Qintong

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第4期113-124,共12页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：秦基层社会民众认为秦法有激励性、工具性、严酷性、耻辱性、非唯一法源等特征。在秦法治理中,法律观念是推动实践的动力:基层官员会通过启动侦查、奏谳、监察或复核以及接受指令等方式主动或回应式展开实践;基层民众不仅促使秦法通过回应性方式发展了诉讼制度,而且会利用法律追求合法甚至非法利益。这表明秦法的治理效果显著,秦人将律令作为安排日常生活的依据,深化了法律治理的层次,并与移风易俗和身份制度变迁形成互动,秦人的身份认同逐渐实现从宗族认同到国家认同的转变。这推动了传统中国人国与家双重身份认同的发展。但另一面是,秦法着力于特定政治目标,忽视了民众的正当需求,秦二世而亡与之关系密切。The grassroots people in Qin believed that the law has the characteristics of incentivizing,instrumental,formidable,shameful,diverse,etc.In Qin's legal practice,legal concepts are the driving force to promote the practice.For example,the grassroots officials will practice proactively or passively by initiating investigation,reporting the case,monitoring or reviewing,receiving instructions and so on.Grassroots people not only prompted Qin to develop the litigation system in a responsive approach,but also used the law to pursue legal and even illegal interests.This indicates that the governance effect under Qin law is significant.The Qin people took the law as the basis for arranging daily life,deepened the hierarchy of legal governance,and had an interactive relationship with the change of customs and the change of identity system.In this process,the identity of the Qin people gradually realized the transformation from clan identity to national identity.This has propelled the development of the dual identity of traditional Chinese individuals towards their country and family.However,the other aspect of the characteristics of Qin's grassroots social governance is that it focuses on specific political objectives and ignores the legitimate needs of the people.

关 键 词：岳麓秦简 礼法关系 商鞅变法 儒法思想 秦汉身份认同 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学] K877.5[历史地理—中国史] D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]