场域视角下《阿姆斯特丹》的新自由主义反思  

Reflections on Neoliberalism in Amsterdam from the Perspective of Field Theory

作　　者：戴鸿斌[1] 左佳 Dai Hongbin;Zuo Jia(College of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Xiamen University,Xiamen,China,361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学外文学院

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2024年第3期60-66,共7页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“二战后英国小说的空间书写研究”(20BWW041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：麦克尤恩的布克奖之作《阿姆斯特丹》以不同场域的混乱失序直指新自由主义改革引发的社会危机。作者借助火葬场、报社和湖区三个微观空间,展现身处不同场域的上层阶级操纵改革方向从而实现阶级力量重建的过程。小说中,火葬场被异化为权力的社交场,表明个人自由的价值理念实则为上层精英攫取个人利益提供合法性话语;以报社为代表的新闻场域遭受市场自由的逻辑宰制,沦为被经济和政治场域共同钳制的符号系统,并以象征暴力的形式压迫着普罗大众;湖区不再是纯粹的自然地理风景,所蕴含的民族属性被艺术场域转化为帝国怀旧的意识形态,通过诉诸民族主义情绪以赢得民众对改革的支持。麦克尤恩以精英人物在场域内外的明争暗斗为主线,将撒切尔政府描绘的理想蓝图与堕落腐化的社会现实并置,表达出对新自由主义乃至资本主义文明的质疑和反思。Ian McEwan's Booker Prize-winning novel Amsterdam utilizes the descriptions of chaos and disorder across various fields to directly point to the social crisis instigated by neoliberal reforms.McEwan employs three specific microcosms,namely a crematorium,a newspaper office,and the Lake District,to illustrate how the elite in di-verse fields manipulate the directions of reform and consolidate their power.In the novel,the crematorium is alienated into a social arena within the field of power,revealing the fact that the value of individual freedoms actually provides legitimacy for the elite to seize personal interests.The journalistic field,represented by the newspaper offce and subject to the domination of market freedoms,turns into a symbolic system.This system,jointly controlled by economic and political fields,perpetrates symbolic violence against the public.The Lake District is not merely a geographical landscape;its national attributes are reinterpreted as an ideology of imperial nostalgia by the art field in order to tap into public nationalist sentiment to attract support for reforms.McEwan uses the overt and covert strife of elite characters within and outside their fields as the main storyline and juxtaposes the Thatcher government's idealistic visions of neoliberalism with society's decadent reality,thereby offering a critical refection on neoliberalism and capitalist civilization.

关 键 词：麦克尤恩 《阿姆斯特丹》 新自由主义 场域 上层精英 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]