预防性个人信息保护公益诉讼的机理证成与制度构建  

The Mechanism and Institutional Construction of Preventive Public Interest Litigation for Personal Information Protection

作　　者：包冰锋[1] 周恋菲 BAO Bing-feng;ZHOU Lian-fei(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing,401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《福建江夏学院学报》2024年第4期67-77,共11页Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2023年度研究项目“民事诉讼自认制度研究”(23YJA820001);西南政法大学法学院研究生科研创新项目“风险预防原则视域下个人信息公益诉讼的制度构建”(FXY2024106)。

摘　　要：当前,个人信息保护公益诉讼主要依赖于较为单一的事后补偿性救济方式。囿于个人信息侵害具有不可逆转的特殊性,损害救济模式与个人信息公益保护之间难以实现有效协调。损害救济模式泛化适用的成因,主要在于公益诉讼介入的谦抑性、侵权责任适用的约束性以及风险预防原则的补充性。以风险预防原则为理论基础,在法律框架内对潜在个人信息风险实施前瞻性预防的诉讼模式具有规范性、可行性和优越性。为有效预防个人信息风险,从源头制止个人信息公益损害,应当通过重大风险的界定标准、证明责任的理性分配以及诉权主体的厘定,构建救济性与预防性保护模式并存的个人信息保护公益诉讼体系。The current public interest litigation for personal information protection mainly relies on a relatively single post-incident compensatory relief,which makes it difficult to effectively harmonize the damage relief model with the public interest protection of personal information due to the irreversible nature of infringement of personal information.The causes of the generalized application of the damage relief model are mainly due to the modesty of the intervention of public interest litigation,the constraints of the application of tort liability,and the complementary nature of risk prevention principles.Based on the principle of risk prevention,proactive prevention of potential personal information risks within the legal framework is implemented from a prospective perspective.The risk prevention model is justified from three aspects:standardization,feasibility,and superiority.To effectively prevent personal information risks and stop public interest damage from personal information at source,a system of public interest litigation for personal information protection in which the modes of remedial and preventive protection coexist is constructed by clarifying the criteria for defining major risks,adhering to a rational allocation of proof responsibilities,and refining the determination of litigation rights.

关 键 词：个人信息 公益诉讼 风险预防原则 损害救济 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]