不同施氮措施对麦玉轮作系统N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Measures on N_(2)O Emissions in Wheat-maize Rotation System

作　　者：蔡连凤 王学霞 王甲辰[2,3] 曹兵 魏丹[2,3] 梁丽娜 CAI Lian-feng;WANG Xue-xia;WANG Jia-chen;CAO Bing;WEI Dan;LIANG Li-na(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [3]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第10期6148-6156,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市产业经济与政策创新团队项目(BAIC11-2024);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设项目(KJCX20220420);北京市农林科学院创新平台建设项目(KJCX20230304);北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所科技能力提升项目(ZHS202402)。

摘　　要：为探究华北麦玉轮作系统农田土壤N_(2)O排放对不同施氮措施的响应及影响因素,采用常规静态箱-气相色谱法,分析了:不施肥(CK)、常规施氮(尿素,追肥一次,U1)、优化施氮(减氮20%,追肥一次,U2)、控释掺混肥一次性施肥(50%尿素+控释尿素50%,减氮20%,SRU1)、控释氮肥一次性施肥(减氮20%,SRU2)和抑制剂型控释氮肥一次性施肥(减氮20%,ISRU)这6个处理下,N_(2)O排放通量及土壤理化性质的差异.结果表明,麦玉轮作期间土壤N_(2)O排放通量呈动态变化,CK、U1和U2处理玉米季N_(2)O排放峰出现在基肥后4~7 d,追肥后6~10 d,小麦季排放峰出现在基肥后4~8 d,追肥后6~9 d;玉米季和小麦季SRU1、SRU2和ISRU排放峰分别出现在基肥后10~21 d和12~20 d,控释氮肥的施用显著降低N_(2)O排放峰值和频次.与U1相比,玉米季U2、SRU1、SRU2和ISRU处理N_(2)O排放通量分别显著降低了8.5%、20.0%、33.8%和43.6%,且玉米季N_(2)O排放通量高于小麦季,占整个轮作周期的58.1%~65.1%.与U1相比,U2、SRU1处理产量分别降低了5.9%和1.9%,SRU2和ISRU处理产量分别增加了1.7%和7.0%.玉米季,与U1相比,ISRU产值增加了14.6%,环境效益为581元,净经济效益提高得最多达18.6%,而小麦季产值和净经济效益出现下降的现象,由此抑制剂控释氮肥一次性施入更适用于玉米季.N_(2)O排放通量与土壤性质理化指标相关性分析发现,N_(2)O与湿度、铵态氮、硝态氮以及微生物量碳、氮呈显著正相关关系.由此,抑制剂型控释氮肥一次性施肥在减少劳动力投入与降低环境效益方面起到积极作用,可为华北地区玉米种植提供有效的氮肥管理方式.To investigate the response of N_(2)O emissions from farmland soil to different nitrogen application measures and the factors affecting it in the wheat and jade rotation system in North China,we analyzed the results of the one-time application of fertilizer in the following six treatments:without fertilization(CK),conventional nitrogen application(urea,one instance of follow-up fertilization,U1),optimized nitrogen application(20% nitrogen reduction,one instance of follow-up fertilization,U2),one-time fertilization of controlledrelease doped fertilizers(50% urea+controlled-release urea 50%,nitrogen reduction 20%,SRU1),controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization(nitrogen reduction 20%,SRU2),and inhibitor-type controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization(nitrogen reduction 20%,ISRU),and the differences in N_(2)O emission fluxes and soil physicochemical properties were determined.The results showed that soil N_(2)O emission fluxes were dynamic during the wheat and jade crop rotation,and the N_(2)O emission peaks of the CK,U1,and U2 treatments appeared in the corn season at 4-7d of basal fertilizer and 6-10d of fertilizer,and out of the wheat season its emission peaks appeared in the basal fertilizer at 4-8 d and 6-9 d of fertilizer.The emission peaks of SRU1,SRU2,and ISRU appeared in the basal fertilizer at 10-21 d,12-20 d,and 12-20 d of fertilizer,respectively,in the corn season and the wheat season.At 21 d and 12-20 d,the application of controlled-release fertilizer significantly reduced the peak and frequency of N_(2)O emission.Compared with those in U1,the N_(2)O emission fluxes of the U2,SRU1,SRU2,and ISRU treatments were significantly reduced by 8.5%,20.0%,33.8%,and 43.6%,respectively,and the N_(2)O emission fluxes were higher in the corn season than in the wheat season,which accounted for 58.1%-65.1%of the whole crop rotation cycle.Yield was reduced by 5.9% and 1.9% for the U2 and SRU1 treatments and increased by 1.7% and 7.0% for the SRU2 and ISRU treatments,respectively,compared to that in U

关 键 词：华北平原 麦玉轮作 N_(2)O排放 控释氮肥 产量 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]