新疆天山北麓产区酿酒葡萄种质抗寒性鉴定及综合评价  

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance of wine grape germplasms in Northern Tianshan Region,Xinjiang

作　　者：王季姣 王世伟[2] 潘越[1] 李亚兰[2] 李树德 WANG Jijiao;WANG Shiwei;PAN Yue;LI Yalan;LI Shude(Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Niya Wine Co.,Manas 832200,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆尼雅葡萄酒有限公司,新疆玛纳斯832200

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第10期1933-1946,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划任务(2022B02045-1-4,20232115653,2023B02028-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】对75份酿酒葡萄种质抗寒性进行鉴定和综合评价,旨在筛选出抗寒性较强的酿酒葡萄种质。【方法】以引种到新疆天山北麓地区的34份山欧杂交种和本地栽植的41份种质(39份欧亚种、2份欧美杂种)为研究对象,将1年生成熟枝条分别放在-10、-15、-20、-25、-30、-35℃下进行低温胁迫处理,以4℃为对照,测定其相对电导率(REC)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标,通过结合Logistic方程计算出半致死温度(LT_(50)),利用隶属函数法对其抗寒性进行综合评价,并通过聚类分析法将75份试材进行排序,从而筛选出高度抗寒性种质和低温敏感性种质,进一步分析各生理生化指标的变化及差异。【结果】75份种质枝条电导率曲线均符合典型的“S”形曲线,LT_(50)在-8.550~-29.153℃之间,山欧杂种和欧亚种LT50分别在-15.935~-29.153℃和-8.550~-21.003℃之间;聚类分析将75份酿酒葡萄种质分为高度抗寒性(Ⅰ)、抗寒性(Ⅱ)、中度抗寒性(Ⅲ)和低温敏感性(Ⅳ),共4级;筛选出北红、12-5-6、12-16-95、12-10-60、北玫、北冰红6个抗寒种质以及品丽珠、白艮地、长相思、捏布盖、酒白和宝石解百纳6个低温敏感种质。随着处理温度的下降,12个品种的REC持续上升;Pro含量先升后降;SS含量持续上升;高度抗寒种质的POD活性先升后降,MDA含量持续上升;低温敏感种质POD活性持续下降,MDA含量先升后降。【结论】山欧杂种抗寒性强于欧亚种,Ⅰ级的抗寒性最强,可将其作为后续抗寒育种的亲本,与具有其他优质性状的酿酒葡萄种质进行杂交,选育抗寒性强的优质酿酒葡萄新品种,为酿酒葡萄的利用与栽培管理提供了理论依据。【Objective】Xinjiang is the largest grape-producing area in China.The main species cultivated there is Vitis vinifera.The buried vine cold-proof cultivation technology is used to ensure safety of overwintering,which would cause destruction of soil surface and consume labor.The study aimed to evaluate the cold resistance of wine grape germplasms in Xinjiang and screen out some cold resistant germplasms for breeding new varieties.【Methods】34 accessions of V.amurensis×V.vinifera and 41accessions of locally planted germplasm were used for the study.The mature annual branches were subjected to low-temperature stress treatments at-10,-15,-20,-25,-30,and-35℃,respectively,and 4℃was taken as the control.The relative conductivity(REC),peroxidase(POD)activity,proline(Pro)content,soluble sugar(SS)content,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured,and the halflethal temperature(LT50)was calculated by combining with the logistic equation.A comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance was carried out using the affiliation function method,and 75 test materials were graded by cluster analysis,and their physiological and biochemical indexes were comparatively analysed.【Results】The branch conductivity of the 75 germplasms conformed to the typical“S”-shaped curve,and the fit of the logistic equation for each variety(line)was R2 between 0.764 and 0.996,with the LT_(50)ranging from-8.550 to-29.153℃,and the LT50of the V.amurensis×V.vinifera and V.vinifera ranging from-15.935 to-29.153℃and-8.550 to-21.003℃,respectively;the values of the affiliation function ranged from 0.061 to 0.986 for 75 wine grape germplasms,among them,Beimei,Beihong,Beibinghong,Zuoyouhong,11-5-36,11-14-45,12-3-23,12-5-6,12-10-60 and 12-16-95 had a combined rating between 0.8 and 1.0 with high cold resistance;Marselan,Cabernet Sauvignon and 12-16-96 had a combined rating of 0.056,0.552 and 0.563,respectively,with moderate cold tolerance;Carignan,Cabernet Franc,Baigendi,Sauvignon Blanc,Neuburgske,Jiubai,and Ruby Cabernet had a combined ra

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 种质资源 低温胁迫 抗寒性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]