以遗嘱方式设立居住权“参照适用”的法理解释与规则展开  

The Establishment of the Right of Residence in the form of a Will is Carried out with Reference to the Legal Interpretation and Rules of Application

作　　者：于联波 YU Lian-bo(Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,Liaoning 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《时代法学》2024年第5期86-96,共11页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：“参照适用”规范的配置将合同设立居住权的有关规定准用于以遗嘱方式设立居住权,实现了财产处分方式的多样化。然而,“参照适用”的规范解释仍存在诸多困境,尤其表现在“参照适用”的登记效力存疑以及《民法典》第368条与第230条的适用顺序模糊等方面。上述困境的产生原因表面上在于法条解释与适用矛盾,实际上却指向物权规范和继承规范的价值冲突。遗嘱设立居住权“参照适用”的解释路径应立足类型化思路,即首先明确居住权作为客体参与遗产分配的逻辑前提;其次,理清登记对抗主义在居住权设立中的细则;最后,完善共同继承场景中登记宣示主义的类型化适用路径。The configuration of“reference application”standard applies the relevant provisions of the contract to establish the testamentary habitatio,and realizes the diversification of the way of property disposal.However,there are still many difficulties in explaining the norms that are applied by reference,especially in the suspected effectiveness of registration,the ambiguous order of application of Article 368 and Article 230 of the Civil Code.The surface reason for the above-mentioned difficulties is the contradiction between the interpretation and application of legal provisions,but in fact,it points to the value conflict between property right norms and inheritance norms.The interpretation path of“referring to apply”for establishing the testamentary habitatio should be based on a typological approach,which includes three steps:firstly,clarifying the logical premise of residence as an object participating in the distribution of inheritance;secondly,clarifying the rules of registration opposition in the establishment of residence rights;and finally,improving the typological application path of registration declaration in common inheritance scenarios.

关 键 词：居住权 遗嘱设立 参照适用 登记对抗 登记生效 

分 类 号：D923.5[政治法律—民商法学]