中国莲藕产业发展现状与对策建议  

Status and Countermeasures of Lotus Root Industry Development in China

作　　者：吴曼[1] 刘堃[1] 王哲[1] WU Man;LIU Kun;WANG Zhe(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第10期10-16,共7页Vegetables

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-F-01);河北省现代农业产业技术体系设施蔬菜产业创新团队项目(HBCT2024130301);河北省现代农业产业技术体系露地蔬菜创新团队项目(HBCT2024140301)。

摘　　要：2018年以来莲藕价格波动对农户收益产生巨大影响,产业转型升级面临瓶颈,急需对我国莲藕产业现状进行系统梳理。为了解莲藕产业发展的基本情况,本文基于国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系调研数据,对我国近6年莲藕产业发展现状进行分析。研究发现:近年来莲藕种植面积处于下降态势;莲藕种植区域主要分布于华中、华南、西南和华北地区,其中湖北省种植面积及产量均保持稳定且居全国第1;主栽品种均为我国自主选育品种;莲藕生产成本呈波动上升趋势,收益呈先上升后下降的趋势,且不同省份及经营主体的生产收益差距明显;土地产出率下降、投入产出率提高。针对目前莲藕产业存在的品种退化,连作障碍问题日益突出;机械化水平严重滞后,难以实现机械对人工的替代;产业风险加剧,急需提升基础设施水平;比较收益下降、生产者收入不稳定;产业融合深度不够,产业链增值有限等问题,提出了加强莲藕种质资源收集、鉴定与挖掘利用,加强莲藕专用机械研发以进一步推动农机—农艺相结合的栽培新模式,建立全产业链标准规范以驱动莲藕产业绿色高质量发展等对策建议,以期进一步促进莲藕产业的高质量发展。Since 2018,lotus root price fluctuations have had a huge impact on farmers'income,and industry transformation and upgrading are facing bottlenecks,so it is urgent to systematically sort out the status of lotus root industry in China.In order to understand the basic situation of the development of lotus root industry,this paper analyzed the status of lotus root industry in China in recent six years based on the survey data of National Characteristic Vegetable Industry Technology System.It is found that in recent years,the planting area of lotus root has been in a downward trend.Lotus root planting areas are mainly distributed in central China,south China,southwest China and north China,among which the planting area and output of Hubei province remain stable and ranked first in China.The main varieties are all independently bred varieties in China.The production cost of lotus root shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the income shows a trend of rising first and then falling,and the production income gap between different provinces and business entities is obvious.The land output rate has decreased while the input-output rate has increased.In response to the increasingly prominent problems of variety degradation and continuous cropping obstacles in the current lotus root industry,the serious lag in mechanization level making it difficult to achieve the replacement of labor by machinery,the increasing risks in the industry,the urgent need to improve infrastructure level,the decline in comparative income,the instability of producer income,the insufficient depth of industrial integration and the limited value-added of the industry chain,it is proposed to strengthen the collection,identification and utilization of lotus root germplasm resources,enhance the research and development of lotus root specialized machinery to further promote the new cultivation mode of combining agricultural machinery and agronomy,establish standards and specifications of the whole industry chain to drive the green and high-quality development

关 键 词：莲藕 产业 现状 对策建议 生产效益 品种 机械化 区域 

分 类 号：F326.13[经济管理—产业经济]