国家公园建设与社区发展的隐性冲突分析——基于东北虎豹国家公园的田野调查  

The Implicit Conflicts Between National Park Construction and Community Development:A Field Survey Based on the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

作　　者：张宇彤 朱洪革[1] 蔡颖莉 ZHANG Yutong;ZHU Hongge;CAI Yingli

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第5期93-115,共23页China Rural Survey

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“政府购买国家公园生态服务的多模式设计与政策仿真研究:来自东北虎豹国家公园的证据”(编号:2572022AW31)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：社区发展是中国国家公园体制建设的重要组成部分,纾解国家公园建设与社区发展的隐性冲突对于实现国家公园高质量发展至关重要。为回答隐性冲突呈现何种特征、由何引发、何以纾解的问题,本文以东北虎豹国家公园为典型案例,基于从国有森工企业及其所属林场、村屯获取的93份质性材料与452份调查数据,从冲突的客体、主体和表现形式三个方面深描隐性冲突的表现特征,并引入制度逻辑视角解构隐性冲突的形成逻辑。研究结果表明:物质利益减少、社会资源受限、权利配置不合理与身心健康受损引发的社区居民与其他行为主体的情绪对立,是隐性冲突最具代表性的表现特征;国家公园场域内的制度逻辑存在内在缺陷、行为主体响应策略不完善且调适策略有效性不足是隐性冲突产生的原因。本文从完善生态制度逻辑、健全购买服务策略、优化保险理赔策略和探索构建调适策略四个方面提出纾解方案。本文的研究发现深化了对隐性冲突及其产生机理的理解,并对国家公园治理的策略选择具有实践启示。Community development is an essential component of the construction of China's national park system,and alleviating the implicit conflicts between national park construction and community development is crucial for achieving high-quality development of national parks.To answer the questions of what characteristics the implicit conflicts exhibit,what triggers them,and to resolve them,this paper takes the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park as a typical case study.Based on 93 qualitative materials and 452 survey data collected from state-owned forestry enterprises,their affiliated forest farms,and villages,it describes the characteristics of implicit conflicts from three aspects:the objects,subjects,and manifestation of the conflicts,and introduces the perspective of institutional logic to deconstruct the formation logic of implicit conflicts.The results show that the emotional opposition between community residents and other actors,triggered by the reduction of material benefits,the limitation of social resources,the unreasonable allocation of rights,and the impairment of physical and mental health,represents the most typical characteristics of implicit conflicts.The intrinsic defects in the institutional logic in the national park,the imperfect response strategy of the actors,and the insufficient effectiveness of adaptation strategy are the reasons for the occurrence of implicit conflicts.This paper proposes resolution pathways from four aspects:improving ecological institutional logic,enhancing the purchase service strategy,optimizing insurance claims strategies,and exploring the construction of adaptive strategies.The findings of the study deepen the understanding of implicit conflicts and their generative mechanisms,and offer practical insights for strategic choices of national park governance.

关 键 词：东北虎豹国家公园 国家公园建设 社区发展 隐性冲突 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X36