太阳能富集区零碳建筑研究的基础科学问题  

Basic Scientific Issues of Zero-Carbon Buildings in the Solar Energy Enrichment Area

作　　者：杨柳[1] 王登甲[2] 刘衍 罗智星[1] 朱新荣[1] YANG Liu;WANG Dengjia;LIU Yan;LUO Zhixing;ZHU Xinrong(School of Architecture,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology;School of Building Services Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑设备科学与工程学院

出　　处：《世界建筑》2024年第10期37-44,共8页World Architecture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划,项目编号:2022YFC3802700。

摘　　要：建筑领域尽快实施推广零碳建筑,对实现我国碳中和目标具有重要的现实意义。“太阳能富集区”是指《太阳能资源评估方法》(GB/T 37526-2019)中划定的我国单位面积年水平面总辐照量≥6300 MJ的太阳能资源最丰富区,主要分布在我国青藏高原地区,有着极其特殊的地域特征:冬季寒冷,建筑采暖周期长,运行碳排放高;辐射强烈,气温年较差和日较差大,建筑设备系统运行稳定性差、效率低;常规能源稀缺,但辐射资源丰富且地域广阔,降低了规模化利用太阳能的成本,具备率先实现区域性建筑碳中和目标的禀赋条件。在国家和建筑行业双碳战略目标任务的整体布局下,获得了“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“太阳能富集区零碳建筑关键技术研究与示范”的支持,该项目探索完全以太阳能为驱动能源,即能源端脱碳体系下,结合该区域的建筑特征与社会经济发展水平,研究适配的零碳建筑技术路径、设计方法及其技术支撑体系,争取实现区域零碳建筑先行示范。本文旨在提出太阳能富集区零碳建筑研究基础科学问题的若干建议,为关键技术研发和工程示范提供理论基础。The implementation and promotion of zero carbon buildings is of great significance to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. "The solar energy enrichment area" refers to the area with total annual horizontal irradiation of over 6300 MJ·m~(-2)·a~(-1), as defined in the "Assessment Method for Solar Energy Resource" GB/T 37526-2019. The solar energy enrichment areas are mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with extremely special geographical characteristics: cold winters, long heating periods and high carbon emissions during the operational stage;intense radiation, large annual and daily temperature range, poor operation stability and low efficiency of building equipment system;scarce conventional energy resources, but abundant solar radiation resources, which reduces the cost of large-scale utilisation of solar energy, and has the endowment conditions to take the lead in realising the goal of carbon neutrality for buildings on a regional basis. Under the overall layout of the dual-carbon strategic goals and tasks of the nation and the construction industry, the "Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Zero-Carbon Buildings in Solar Energy Enrichment Areas" has been supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the 14th Five-Year Plan. The project aims to achieve the first demonstration of regional zero-carbon buildings by exploring suitable technical pathway, design method and technical support system for zero carbon buildings using solar energy as the driving energy source and combining the architectural characteristics and socioeconomic development level. The purpose of this paper is to put forward several suggestions on the basic scientific issues of zero-carbon building research in solar energy enrichment areas, and provide a theoretical basis for the key technology development and engineering demonstration.

关 键 词：太阳能富集区 零碳建筑 总体路径 科学问题 

分 类 号：TU201.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]