基于变分模态分解的阶次分析对RV减速器的故障诊断  

Order Analysis Based on Variational Modal Decomposition for Fault Diagnosis of RV Reducers

作　　者：蔺梦雄 唐少虎 焦博森 荆新 刘高翔 刘亚涵 范明远 LIN Mengxiong;TANG Shaohu;JIAO Bosen;JING Xin;LIU Gaoxiang;LIU Yahan;FAN Mingyuan(College of Urban Rail Transit and Logistics,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学城市轨道交通与物流学院,北京100101

出　　处：《机床与液压》2024年第18期237-242,共6页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2021YFB1715700);北京市教委科技计划项目(KM202111417003)。

摘　　要：在变转速工况下对RV减速器进行故障诊断存在诸多的问题,如信号采集频率不统一、分量调制、低频特征难以确定、频率模糊等,导致RV减速器的故障特征难以提取。针对此问题,提出一种变分模态分解的阶次跟踪分析方法,根据RV减速器的振动特征,确定RV减速器的瞬时转速信号和振动信号;再对RV减速器的转速进行二阶拟合差分,得到时间-转速信号;通过计算时间-转速积分对RV减速器的振动信号进行等角域划分,再利用变分模态分解和重构选取目标分量对其进行傅里叶包络变换,得到RV减速器故障信号的包络阶次图,通过对比故障阶次确定减速器的故障点。所提方法可以在振动信号和转速的采集频率不匹配的情况下进行故障诊断,解决了不能充分划分等角域的问题,为变转速工况下的复杂旋转机械的故障诊断提供了新方法。There are many problems in fault diagnosis of RV reducers under variable speed conditions,such as inconsistent signal acquisition frequency,component modulation,difficulty in determining low-frequency features and frequency ambiguity,which make it difficult to extract fault features of RV reducers.In view of this problem,a order tracking analysis method for variational mode decomposition was proposed.Based on the vibration characteristics of the RV reducer,the instantaneous speed signal and vibration signal of the RV reducer were determined,and then the second-order fitting difference was performed on the speed of the RV reducer to obtain the time-speed signal.By calculating the time-speed integration,the vibration signal of the RV reducer was divided into equal angular domains,and then the target component was selected through variational mode decomposition and reconstruction,it was subjected to fast Fourier transform envelope transformation to obtain the envelope order diagram of the RV reducer fault signal.By comparing the fault order,the fault point of the reducer was determined.The proposed method can diagnose faults in situations where the acquisition frequency of vibration signal and speed do not match,solving the problem of insufficient equiangular domain division and providing a new method for fault diagnosis of complex rotating machinery under variable speed conditions.

关 键 词：RV减速器 变分模态分解 振动特性 变转速工况 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TH132.46[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH165.3