何谓“历史语言研究”?——重读傅斯年《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》  

What Is the Study of History and Philology?——Rereading Fu Sinian’s The Objectives of the Work of the Institute of History and Philology

作　　者：沈卫荣[1] Shen Weirong(School of Humanities.Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期94-105,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：1928年,傅斯年倡建中央研究院历史语言研究所。迄今为止,人们似乎并不十分理解傅先生当年何以会将历史学和语文学这二个不同的学科合二而一,建立一个对中国现代人文学术的形成和发展具有无与伦比之重大意义的“历史语言研究所”。通过对傅斯年《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》一文的仔细研读,可知傅斯年的初心是要在中国建立一个以历史学和语文学为核心的现代人文科学学术机构。所谓“历史语言研究”即是以“史学即史料学”的科学史观为基础,以“语学即史学”的学术方法为准绳,充分扩展新资料,利用“比较语文学”等新工具,来处理和研究新发现的历史的和语言的一手资料。傅斯年设计的“历史语言研究”遵循的是现代西方人文学术的主流学术思想,即现代人文科学必须是“历史的和语文学的研究”,而不应该是传统的“哲学的和神学的研究”。In 1928,Fu Sinian(傅斯年)proclaimed the establishment of the Institute of History and Philology(历史语言研究所)within the Academia Sinica(中央研究院).Even today,it seems to remain unclear why Fu Sinian deemed it necessary to merge such two distinct disciplines as history and philology into one entity and establish this institute,with its“unparalleled significance to the formation and development of modern Chinese humanities scholarship”.Through an intensive reading and careful analysis of Fu Sinian's essay entitled The Objectives of the Work of the Institute of History and Philology(《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》),this article proposes that Fu Sinian was originally intended to establish an academic institution of modern humanities in China with history and philology as its core.The resulting“study of history and philology”is based upon two central principles.Firstly,historical study is a discipline of science,and therefore“historical study is just the study of historical materials”.Secondly,the methodology of historical study is philology itself.Thus,the field of historical study ought to expand to cover all possible new sources and utilize new academic tools such as comparative philology(比较语文学)so as to process and study newly-discovered firsthand materials of historical and philological primary sources.The“Study of History and Philology”designed by Fu Sinian followed the mainstream academic thinking behind modern Western humanities,that is,modern humanities must be“historical and philological studies”,instead of“philosophical and theological studies”.

关 键 词：历史语言研究 傅斯年 语文学 虏学 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]