径行逮捕制度研究  

Research on the Mandatory Pretrial Detention System

作　　者：张吉喜[1] Zhang Jixi

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学诉讼法与司法改革研究中心

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第5期76-95,共20页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：径行逮捕制度直接认定三种情形的被追诉人具有社会危险性,属于法律拟制。径行逮捕制度正当性的唯一根据是其是否具有事实基础。从比较法的角度来看,不同国家法律规定的推定或拟制被追诉人具有审前风险的情形差异较大,找不到规定相同,甚至相似的国家。现有观点对径行逮捕制度的不同认识完全是基于定性分析。只有引入定量研究方法,才能对径行逮捕制度是否具有事实基础得出有说服力的结论。在对被追诉人具有特定情形与其社会危险性之间的关系进行定量研究时,主要以被追诉人在取保候审期间再犯罪和逃跑作为因变量,从被追诉人可能被判处的刑罚、涉嫌的犯罪行为和违法犯罪史等方面设置自变量。通过定量研究发现,我国径行逮捕制度缺乏事实基础。在这种情况下,适用径行逮捕制度会导致逮捕功能的异化。为了充分保障被追诉人的人身自由权,应当在我国此次修改刑事诉讼法时对径行逮捕制度作适当修改。在立法尚未进行修改的情况下,可以通过对法律条文的体系解释和重视羁押必要性审查制度,最大幅度减轻径行逮捕制度产生的不合理后果。The mandatory pretrial detention system automatically assumes that defendants in three specific situations pose social risks,which is a legal fiction.The legitimacy of this system hinges entirely on its factual basis.When compared internationally,the criteria for assessing a defendant's pre-trial risk vary significantly among countries,with no two countries having identical or even similar provisions.Current perspectives on the mandatory pretrial detention system are primarily qualitative in nature.To draw a convincing conclusion about the system's factual basis,quantitative research methods must be incorporated.In using quantitative methods to explore the link between a defendant's circumstances and their social risks,factors such as committing new crimes and fleeing during bail pending trial should be identified as key dependent variables.Independent variables should include potential sentences,suspected crimes,and criminal history.The quantitative research indicates that the mandatory pretrial detention system lacks a solid factual foundation,potentially disrupting the detention system's normal function.In order to safeguard defendants'personal freedom,necessary adjustments to this system should be made in the upcoming revision of the Criminal Procedure Code.Prior to the legislative changes,addressing the unreasonable outcomes of the mandatory pretrial detention system can be achieved through a comprehensive interpretation of legal provisions and a focus on the importance of custody review.

关 键 词：径行逮捕 法律拟制 推定 定量研究 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]