论刑事诉讼中的技术性程序正义——以刑事远程审判为切入的分析  

On Technological Procedural Justice in Criminal Procedure: Analysis Based on Remote Criminal Trial

作　　者：王瑞剑 Wang Ruijian

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第5期183-195,共13页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：刑事远程审判有违直接原则,有损质证权,有碍事实发现,无法在传统的程序正义理论和技术正当程序理论中得到正当化。要解决这一正当性危机,有必要在刑事诉讼中提出技术性程序正义理论,并设定五点正当性要素。可替代性明确刑事远程审判只能“向下替代”书面间接审理,不得“向上替代”线下直接审理。替代的必要性需要对接直接原则的例外情形,将利益权衡和实质等同作为两种判断标准。可选择性和选择的自愿性作为权利处分的基本条件,可以弥补质证权所受到的减损。有限度赋能在强调技术赋能价值的同时,明确数字技术介入程序框架的限度。作为传统程序正义在数字时代必要的理论发展,技术性程序正义以程序主义立场和技术赋能理念为价值根基,具有延伸适用的可能,但需要注意理论适用所存在的边界。Remote criminal trials violate the principle of direct trial, impede the right to cross-examination, and obstruct the uncovering of facts. This trial method cannot be justified within the frameworks of conventional procedural justice and technological due process. To address this crisis of legitimacy, it is essential to introduce a theory of technological procedural justice in criminal proceedings and establish five key legitimacy components. The first component is the concept of substitutability,emphasizing that remote criminal trial can only serve as substitutes for trials based on records and not for in-person hearings. The second is the necessity for substitution must align with exceptions to the principle of direct trials, using interest balancing and substantive equivalence as criteria for judgment. The third and fourth are optionality and voluntariness in decision-making, which are essential for rights disposition,and help mitigate the impact of limited cross-examination rights. The fifth is limited empowerment, which emphasizes the value of technological empowerment while setting clear boundaries on their role in criminal proceedings. Technological procedural justice, as a critical evolution of conventional procedural justice in the digital age, upholds procedural values and the concept of technological empowerment. While it offers broad potential, careful attention must be paid to its limitations and scopes for proper application.

关 键 词：技术性程序正义 刑事远程审判 直接原则 权利处分 技术赋能 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]