走向集权:古希腊城邦体制转型的斯巴达范式  

Toward Centralism:The Spartan Paradigm of the Transformation of the Ancient Greek Polis-System

作　　者：祝宏俊 Zhu Hongjun

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2024年第3期42-57,159,共17页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“古代希腊政治制度研究”(编号:22VLS013)。

摘　　要：从公元前3世纪后期到前4世纪早期,斯巴达在外忧内困的交互作用下,进行了持续不断的改革。改革使庇里阿西人、黑劳士、外邦人等成为公民,“新公民”的经济实力更弱,政治权力更小、社会成分更复杂,公民兵也因此成为领取薪水、服从个人的军队。在改革中,斯巴达的双王制度、监察官制度逐步被取缔,至纳比斯建立了彻底的集权统治。改革使斯巴达国力一度得以恢复,再次成为希腊世界有影响的城邦,同时也受到部分其他城邦,尤其是希腊社会下层的欢迎。斯巴达的道路为这些城邦提供了可选择的范例,“走向集权”也成为的古希腊城邦体制转型的范式之一。From the early 4^(th) century to the late 3^(rd) century BC,Sparta took place series reformations as a result of domestic trouble and foreign pressing.Many perioeci,Helots,and metics become new citizens during these reformations,whose economic and strength became weaker,political powerless,and social components more complex.The citizen soldiers also became an army that received salaries and obeyed individuals.The systems of dual-Kings,ehpors were abolished,ultimately,Nabis established a complete centralized regime.These reforms restored Sparta's national strength and made it an influential city-state in the Greek world again,meanwhile,was welcomed by some other poleis,especially the lower class of Greek society.Sparta's path became a possible historical path for these city-states,and"moving towards centralization"also became one of the paradigms for the transformation of the ancient Greek Polis-system.

关 键 词：城邦 斯巴达 转型 范式 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学] D033.1[历史地理—世界史]