基于视觉障碍人群需求分析的生活性街道无障碍环境评价——以哈尔滨历史城区为例  

Barrier-free environment evaluation of livability living streets based on the needs analysis of visually impaired population A case of the historic district,Harbin

作　　者：戴锏[1,2] 陈心朗 陈璐露 王春琦 DAI Jian;CHEN Xinlang;CHEN Lulu;WANG Chunqi(School of Architecture and Design,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China;Key Laboratory of National Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions,Ministry of Natural Resources,Harbin 150006,China;Fujian Urban and Rural Planning Design Institute,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院,哈尔滨150006 [2]自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复重点实验室,哈尔滨150006 [3]福建省城乡规划设计研究院,福州350003

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第17期130-143,共14页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：黑龙江省高等学校智库(省双创智库)开放课题(ZKKF2022187);哈工大研究生教育教学改革研究项目(22HX0602);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(22GLC275);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2023E050);黑龙江省博士后面上项目(LBHZ22158)。

摘　　要：以视障人群的出行需求为切入点,以出行必经的城市生活性街道无障碍环境为研究对象。首先选取18位视障人群进行半结构化访谈,同时通过开源数据与实地调研获取研究区域的建成环境数据;其次基于扎根理论,将视障人群出行意愿的强烈程度与出行需求进行关联,即“可以出行”对应安全性、“方便出行”对应便捷性、“乐意出行”对应舒适性,从安全性、便捷性及舒适性3个维度建构生活性街道无障碍环境评价体系;最后以哈尔滨历史城区道里片区生活性街道为实证对象,对街道无障碍环境进行评价,总结其问题与空间特征,以此提出视障人群的街道无障碍设施类型多样化空间优化策略。This article takes the travel needs of visually impaired population as the entry point and the barrier-free environment of urban living streets that are essential for travel as the research object.Firstly,18 visually impaired individuals were selected to conduct semi-structured interviews,and the built environment data of the study area was obtained through open-source data and field research.Secondly,based on the Grounded Theory,the intense degree of travel willingness of the visually impaired people was correlated with their travel needs,i.e.,"able to travel"corresponds to safety,"easy to travel"corresponds to convenience,and"willing to travel"corresponds to comfort,and then constructs an evaluation system for the accessibility of living streets in 3 dimensions-safety,convenience and comfort.Finally,taking the living streets in the historical district(Daoli area)in Harbin as the empirical object,the barrier-free environments of the streets were evaluated,and the problems and spatial characteristics were summarized from the 3 dimensions of safety,convenience and comfort,so as to propose optimization strategies such as the diversification of the types of barrier-free facilities for the visually impaired,providing scientific support for the construction of barrier-free environment and the practice of high quality urban street renewal.

关 键 词：视觉障碍人群 生活性街道 扎根理论 无障碍环境评价 哈尔滨历史城区 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU998.9