不同作物秸秆还田对甜荞根际土壤养分及生长的影响  

Effects of Returning Different Crop Stalks to the Field on Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients and Growth of Sweet Buckwheat

作　　者：冯洁 龙梦千 曹永燕 郭溶誉 黄小燕 Feng Jie;Long Mengqian;Cao Yongyan;Guo Rongyu;Huang Xiaoyan(Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology,School of Life Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,荞麦产业技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第20期6828-6838,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目([2020]1Y048,[2021]一般271,[2019]2297);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]015);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2019]11-6号,筑科合同[2020]12-10号)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究作物秸秆还田对甜荞的根系土壤养分、生长规律和产量形成的影响,以甜荞品种‘宁荞1号’为试材,选择了4种作物秸秆进行还田,分别是玉米、水稻、油菜和小麦秸秆,以秸秆不还田为空白对照,测定了甜荞的根系土壤养分、土壤酶活性、叶片光合生理、根系形态生理和产量形成等相关指标。结果表明:(1)对比秸秆不还田,秸秆还田能够提高根际土壤速效磷、速效钾、铵态氮含量,以及土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性,促进甜荞根系生长,提升甜荞叶片的光合生理特性,使甜荞的产量增加。(2)在4种不同作物秸秆中,以小麦秸秆还田处理时甜荞的根际土壤、叶片生理和根系生理等指标综合最佳。(3) 4种作物秸秆还田对甜荞产量形成的影响存在差异,以水稻和小麦秸秆还田时的甜荞产量较高,分别是空白对照的2.28和2.32倍,建议生产中推广水稻和小麦秸秆还田后种植甜荞。本研究通过对4种生产常用的作物秸秆进行还田,比较分析秸秆不还田,以及不同作物秸秆还田间甜荞的生长、产量及土壤养分的差异性,对甜荞的实际生产具有指导意义。In order to explore the effects of crop straw returning on root soil nutrients,growth law and yield formation of sweet buckwheat,'Ningqiao No.1'was selected as the test material,four kinds of crop straw returning were selected,namely corn,rice,rape,and wheat straw.The root soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity,leaf photosynthetic physiology,root morphological physiology and yield formation of sweet buckwheat were measured with straw not returned to the field as the blank control.The results showed that:(1)compared with no straw returning,straw returning could improve the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and ammonium nitrogen in rhizosphere soil,and the activities of urease and phosphatase in soil,promote the root growth of sweet buckwheat,improve the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of buckwheat leaves,and increase the yield of buckwheat.(2)Among the four different crop straws,the rhizosphere soil,leaf physiology and root physiology of buckwheat were the best when wheat straw was returned to the field.(3)There were differences in the effects of four kinds of crop straw returning on the yield formation of sweet buckwheat.The yield of rice and wheat straw returning was 2.28 and 2.32 times higher than that of the blank control,respectively.It was suggested that rice and wheat straw returning should be popu la-rized in production.In this study,the growth,yield,and soil nutrients of buckwheat were compared and analyzed by returning four common crop straws to the field,and the differences of buckwheat growth,yield and soil nutrients were compared and analyzed,which had guiding significance for the actual production of buckwheat.

关 键 词：甜荞 荞麦 秸秆还田 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学] S158