多模态磁共振技术在脑小血管病中的应用进展  

Application Progress of Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Technology in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

作　　者：王子涵 鲍海华[1] WANG Zihan;BAO Haihua(Medical Imaging Center,Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital,Xining Qinghai 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学附属医院医学影像中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《中国医疗设备》2024年第10期152-158,共7页China Medical Devices

基　　金：青海省省级临床重点专科建设项目(青财社字[2020]1301号)。

摘　　要：脑小血管病(Cerebral Small Vessel Disease,CSVD)是一种与年龄相关的慢性、进行性小血管疾病,影响小动脉、毛细血管和小静脉,与缺血性卒中和痴呆的高发生率密切相关,并可能导致运动、步态和情绪障碍。磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)在CSVD的诊断中起关键作用,其典型表现为皮质下小梗死、脑白质高信号、腔隙、脑微出血、血管周围间隙和脑萎缩。由于CSVD的病理机制尚未完全阐明,目前缺乏特异性的治疗方法,因此治疗策略主要集中在管理血管危险因素,以延缓病程进展。随着先进MRI技术的应用,研究已从单纯的影像学特征深入到对CSVD病理学机制的探索。本文综述了多模态磁共振新技术在CSVD中的应用,以提高老年患者的生活质量,减轻社会和家庭负担。Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)is a chronic,progressive vascular disease associated with aging that affects small arteries,capillaries,and veins.It is closely related to the high incidence of ischemic stroke and dementia,and may lead to movement,gait,and mood disorders.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)plays a key role in the diagnosis of CSVD,with typical manifestations including subcortical infarcts,white matter hyperintensities,lacunes,cerebral microhemorrhages,perivascular spaces and brain atrophy.Due to the pathogenic mechanisms of CSVD not being fully elucidated yet,there is currently a lack of specific treatment methods,thus the treatment strategies mainly focus on managing vascular risk factors to delay the progression of the disease.With the application of advanced MRI technology,research has moved from purely imaging features to exploring the pathological mechanisms of CSVD.This paper reviewed the application of new multimodal magnetic resonance technology in CSVD to improve the quality of life of elderly patients and reduce the burden of society and family.

关 键 词：脑小血管病 磁共振成像 多模态磁共振成像 弥散张量成像 磁共振灌注加权成像 动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI) 体素内不相干运动(IVIM) 血管壁成像(VWI) 

分 类 号：R739.4[医药卫生—肿瘤] R445.2[医药卫生—临床医学]