技术能够走向民主吗?——对技术“可选择性”的反思  

Can Technology Move towards Democracy?--Reflections on the“Optionality”of Technology

作　　者：许腾 夏保华[1] XU Teng;XIA Bao-hua(School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,南京211189

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2024年第5期72-78,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“技术创新哲学与中国自主创新的实践逻辑研究”(19ZDA040)。

摘　　要：公众参与越来越成为技术伦理与技术政治的核心议题。传统技术观中狭隘的合理性遮蔽了技术本质中的社会维度,掩盖了技术的偏向性。技术民主化既有内在的潜能,又有现实的困难,面临着“控制困境”的挑战,技术的“可选择性”受到不确定性问题和可转化性问题的制约。因此,技术民主化不仅要关注多元价值,还要考虑到多元的技术类型。根据不确定性和可转化性两个维度,可以将技术划分为四种类型。其中,实验性技术的民主化是生成新的技术创新-治理方式的过程,能够重塑微观政治实践的规则,限制技术权力的无序扩张,是实现“社会技术转型”的关键。Public participation has increasingly become a core issue in the ethics of technology and politics of technology.The narrow rationality of the traditional view of technology obscures the social dimension in the essence of technology and conceals bias of technology.The democratization of technology has both inherent potentials and practical difficulties.It faces the challenge of“control dilemma”,and the“optionality”of technology is constrained by the problems of uncertainty and transformability.Therefore,the democratization of technology must not only focus on multiple values,but also consider multiple types of technology.According to the two dimensions of uncertainty and transferability,technology can be divided into four types.Among them,the democratization of experimental technology is the process that generates new methods for technological innovation-governance,which can reshape the rules of micro-political practice,limit the disorderly expansion of technological power,and thus is the key to achieving“socio-technological transition”.

关 键 词：技术 民主 芬伯格 可选择性 

分 类 号：N03[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]