铯元素的发现及其概念的发展  

The Discovery and Conceptual Development of Cesium Element

作　　者：窦雨晴 袁振东[1] 李猛 Dou Yuqing;Yuan Zhendong;Li Meng(Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第10期1234-1240,共7页Chemistry

基　　金：河南师范大学博士人才科研启动课题(QD202322)资助。

摘　　要：铯元素是利用光谱分析技术发现的第一个元素,它的发现及其概念的发展大致可分为3个时期:一是铯元素的发现及基于光谱属性的铯元素概念的形成。光谱分析技术的应用使化学家确认了铯元素的存在,形成了基于光谱属性的铯元素概念。二是铯元素三重表征概念的形成。金属铯单质的制取及原子量的测定使得铯元素从宏观转向微观并随之形成了符号表征,铯元素三重表征概念正式形成。三是现代铯元素概念的建立。铯同位素的发现,赋予了铯元素概念新的内涵,铯元素在微观和符号上也有了新的发展,现代铯元素概念初步确立。总之,铯元素的发现及其概念发展过程是分析技术不断进步与化学思想发展融合的体现。Cesium is the first element discovered by spectral analysis technology.The discovery of cesium and the development of its concept can be roughly divided into three periods:First,the discovery of cesium and the formation of the concept of cesium based on spectral properties.The application of spectral analysis technology enabled chemists to determine the existence of cesium in advance and formed the concept of cesium based on spectral properties.The second is the formation of the concept of triple characterization of cesium element.The preparation of metallic cesium element and the determination of atomic weight make cesium element change from macroscopic to microscopic and then form the symbol characterization,and the concept of triple characterization of cesium element is formally formed.Third,the establishment of the concept of modern cesium element,the discovery of cesium isotope,gave the concept of cesium new connotation,cesium element has also made new development in the micro and symbolic,the concept of modern cesium element has been preliminarily established.The discovery of cesium and its concept development process are the embodiment of the integration of the continuous progress of analytical technology and the development of chemical thought.

关 键 词：光谱分析技术 铯元素 铯同位素 化学史 

分 类 号：O614.115[理学—无机化学]