探寻对立性显现的同一性基础——梅洛-庞蒂对辩证法的现象学还原  

Exploring the Identity Foundation of the Manifestation of Opposition:Merleau Ponty’s Phenomenological Reduction of Dialectics

作　　者：刘少明 LIU Shaoming(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期38-45,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“《资本论》及其手稿中的时间哲学研究”(22YJC710039)。

摘　　要：梅洛-庞蒂认为辩证法的对立性方法与现象学的直接性方法是统一的,其统一的方式是同一性为对立性奠基。梅洛-庞蒂的理论中,辩证法的主体表现为主客体统一、存在与虚无统一、语言与知觉统一、形式与内容的统一的“知觉”,这四重统一体现了辩证法主体的原初同一性。辩证法主体也在其时间性中体现了辩证法的差异性、中介性和否定性。其一,活生生的现在知觉作为时间化的同一性,作为辩证法的原初差异的过去和现在知觉得以显现;其二,在过去、现在和未来的原初知觉的统一性显现中,知觉具有其同一性,它也为辩证法的中介性和自我否定的显现奠定了基础。梅洛-庞蒂对辩证法的现象学奠基,超越了黑格尔的封闭的和整体性的辩证法,也超越了萨特的存在与虚无的抽象反思辩证法,实现了辩证法理论的突破,也促进了现象学理论的自我完善。Merleau Ponty believes that the opposite method of dialectics is unified with the directness of phenomenology in the way that identity lays the foundation for opposition.In Merleau Ponty's theory,the subject of dialectics manifests itself in the“perception”of the unity of the subject and object,the unity of existence and nothingness,the unity of language and perception,and the unity of form and content.These four unifications reflect the original identity of the subject of dialectics.The subject of dialectics also reflects its distinctiveness,mediation,and negation in its temporal nature.Firstly,the living perception of the present is manifested as the temporal identity,as the original difference between the past and present perceptions of dialectics.Secondly,in the unified manifestation of the original perception of the past,present,and future,perception has its identity,which also lays the foundation for the mediation of dialectics and the manifestation of self negation.Merleau Ponty laid the foundation of phenomenology of dialectics,which hsas transcended Hegel's closed and holistic dialectics,and Sartre's abstract reflective dialectics of existence and nothingness,realized the breakthrough of dialectics theory,and promoted the self-improvement of phenomenology theory.

关 键 词：梅洛-庞蒂 辩证法 现象学 对立 同一 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]