陈与义的七律诗风与“简斋体”之辨  

The Style of CHEN Yuyi’s Regulated Verses in the Seven-Character Line and the Differentiation of“Jianzhai Style”

作　　者：张立荣[1] ZHANG Lirong(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期76-87,共12页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“宋代七律流变史研究”(14BZW057)。

摘　　要：陈与义被方回列为江西诗派“一祖三宗”,但也有不少学者质疑其江西诗派诗人身份。其江西诗派诗人身份是后世诗学的建构。陈与义七律转益多师,既得杜甫之雄浑悲壮、苏轼的用典及诗语的通脱流便,更有黄庭坚的诗法讲究及陈师道的语言朴拙,偶有柳宗元的寄兴遥深,但主体风格还是前期的清新典实与后期的雄健悲慨。其诗在南宋能独立一体,正出于对唐风的回归,因此在江西诗派之后,被认为是“新体”。此“新体”体现出从陈师道所言之“学老杜而不为”向陈与义自身所提出的“学苏、黄而不为”的转变,既讲究诗法与学问,又重视自然景物与抒情,呈现唐宋合流的趋势。陆游七律继承了这一特点,形成兼宗唐风宋调的独特面貌。CHEN Yuyi was listed among“one ancestor and three school”of Jiangxi Poetry School by FANG Hui,but some scholars question his identity as a poet of Jiangxi Poetry School.His identity as a poet of Jiangxi Poetry School was constructed by later poetics.CHEN Yuyi's regulated verses in the seven-character line benefited from many masters.They were not only of Du Fu's majestic sadness,SU Shi's allusion and poetic fluency,but also of HUANG Tingjian's exquisite poetic style and CHEN Shidao's plain and simple language,and occasionally of LIU Zongyuan's profound sentimentalism,however,his main style was fresh and elegant in the early stages and vigorous and sad in the later stages.His poems became specially new in the Southern Song Dynasty just out of his desire for a return to the Tang style,therefore,after Jiangxi Poetry School,it was considered as a“new style”.This“new style”reflected the change from CHEN Shidao's“learning from DU Fu but not being him”to CHEN Yuyi's“learning from SU Shi and HUANG Tingjian but not being them”,which not only paid attention to poetic craftsmanship and learning,but also attached importance to natural scenery and lyricism,showing the trend of confluence of Tang and Song dynasties.LU You's regulated verses in the seven-character line inherited this characteristic,forming the unique features of literary style of Tang and Song dynasties.

关 键 词：陈与义 七律 简斋体 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]