纳米磁性颗粒增强酸性矿山废水污泥沉降性能研究  

Improving sludge settling performance of acid mine drainageby magnetic nanoparticles

作　　者：施妍 黄应平[3] 高敏 黄雨淋 廖复东 郑金阳 漆光东 陶恩刚 龚芳 Shi Yan;Huang Yingping;Gao Min;Huang Yulin;Liao Fudong;Zheng Jinyang;Qi Guangdong;Tao Engang;Gong Fang(Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau,Yichang,Hubei 443100;Yichang Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Geological Engineering,Yichang,Hubei 443100;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002)

机构地区：[1]湖北省地质局第七地质大队,湖北宜昌443100 [2]宜昌市地质资源与地质工程重点实验室,湖北宜昌443100 [3]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《资源环境与工程》2024年第5期603-611,共9页Resources Environment & Engineering

基　　金：湖北省地质局第七地质大队科技项目“新型磁性絮凝复合材料修复宜昌废弃矿山酸性废水的应用”(DQKJ2023-3)。

摘　　要：针对宜昌市某废弃煤矿山酸性矿山废水(AMD)污泥沉降效率低下的问题,采用溶剂热法成功合成纳米磁性颗粒(MNPs),并系统研究MNPs与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)絮凝剂联合作用对AMD污泥沉降性能的增强机制。实验结果表明,在MNPs与APAM最佳用量(分别为0.2和1 g/L)条件下,APAM显著缩短污泥沉降的时间,沉降速率从1.6 cm/min提升至2.5 cm/min,增幅高达56.3%,有效地提升了处理效率。同时,MNPs的协同作用进一步增强污泥的压缩与脱水能力,临界点体积比(V_(f)/V_(m))_(cp)从0.27降低至0.19,有效地降低了处理成本。通过光学显微镜观察发现,MNPs在絮凝体中的分布可增强颗粒间相互作用,促进高效沉降与体积压缩。MNPs与APAM联合处理后的出水水质显著改善,各项指标均趋近于或达到国家相关排放标准,体现了该技术在环境修复中的有效性。此外,磁絮体再生实验显示,MNPs回收率近90%,且多次循环使用后其沉降效能保持稳定,验证了该技术的经济性与可持续性。This study aims at the low settling efficiency of acid mine drainage(AMD)in an abandoned coal mine in Yichang City.Magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method,and the mechanism of the combination of MNPs and anionic polyacrylamide(APAM)flocculant on the enhancement of AMD sludge settling performance was systematically studied.The experimental results showed that under the optimal dosage of MNPs and APAM(0.2 g/L and 1 g/L respectively),the sedimentation time of sludge was significantly shortened by APAM,and the sedimentation rate was increased from 1.6 cm/min to 2.5 cm/min by 56.3%,which effectively improved the treatment efficiency.At the same time,the synergistic effect of MNPs further enhanced the sludge compression and dewatering capacity,and the critical volume ratio(V_(f)/V_(m))_(cp) was reduced from 0.27 to 0.19,effectively reducing the treatment cost.Observations through an optical microscope show that,the distribution of MNPs in the flocs enhanced the interaction between particles and promoted the efficient sedimentation and volume compression.The effluent quality after the combined treatment of MNPs and APAM was significantly improved,and all the indicators were close to or reached the relevant national emission standards,reflecting the effectiveness of this technology in environmental remediation.In addition,the magnetic floc regeneration experiment showed that the recovery rate of MNPs was nearly 90%,and its sedimentation efficiency remained stable after multiple cycles,which verified the economy and sustainability of the technology.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 纳米磁性颗粒 絮凝 污泥沉降 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]