采前施用苯并噻二唑对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄果实发育过程中色泽和香气的影响  

Influence of Pre-Harvest Application of Benzothiadiazole on Color and Aroma of Cabernet Gernischt Grapes During Fruit Development

作　　者：王建峰 韩雨岐 王凯 赵曼 李霁昕[1] 冯丽丹[1] 张波[1] 赵勇 蒋玉梅[1] WANG JianFeng;HAN YuQi;WANG Kai;ZHAO Man;LI JiXin;FENG LiDan;ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Yong;JIANG YuMei(College of Food Science and Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Gansu Mogao Industrial Development Co.,Ecological Agriculture Demonstration Plantation Area,Wuwei 733008,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃莫高实业股份有限公司生态农业示范种植园区,甘肃武威733008

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第19期3870-3893,I0001-I0006,共30页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金(32060514)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析施用苯并噻二唑(benzothiadiazole,BTH)对葡萄成熟过程中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷及相关基因表达量的影响,明确BTH对葡萄成熟过程中游离态和结合态香气种类和浓度的影响,初步探讨BTH调控葡萄果实花色苷和香气合成的机制。【方法】以酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试材,果实膨大期整株喷施含0.1%吐温80的0.37 mmol·L^(-1)BTH水溶液,以仅喷施含0.1%吐温80的水溶液为对照组(CK)。通过测定葡萄果皮中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花色苷、总原花青素和花色苷合成相关基因表达量,表征游离态和结合态香气浓度和组成的变化,评估BTH处理对葡萄品质的影响。【结果】BTH处理显著降低葡萄成熟过程中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总类胡萝卜素的积累,显著提高总原花青素、总花色苷和红葡萄颜色指数,促进葡萄着色。此外,BTH还显著上调VvCHS1、VvF3H1、VvDFR、VvLDOX、VvUFGT和VvMYBA1等花色苷合成相关基因的表达量。BTH处理显著降低游离态和结合态C_(6)/C_(9)化合物、游离态直链脂肪族、游离态支链脂肪族含量,显著提高结合态直链脂肪族、游离态和结合态芳香族、结合态支链脂肪族、游离态和结合态萜烯、游离态和结合态降异戊二烯浓度。通过定义葡萄成熟阶段的定性标记物和定量标记物发现,成熟过程中两个相邻发育期葡萄中香气物质的演变差异较大,BTH能显著影响‘蛇龙珠’葡萄成熟过程中的游离态和结合态香气演变趋势,BTH处理能显著改变花后9周和11周的游离态以及11周的结合态香气积累趋势。此外,游离态C_(6)/C_(9)化合物、直链脂肪族和萜烯,结合态C_(6)/C_(9)化合物、直链脂肪族、萜烯六大类香气是区分CK和BTH葡萄呈香表现的主要贡献组分。以气味活性值>0.1为阈值,共筛选出包括3-己烯醛和β-紫罗兰酮在内的23个活性香气成分。BTH处理主要减弱葡萄的植物香和脂肪香,【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the impact of benzothiadiazole(BTH)on the expression of pigments and related genes in grapevines during fruit ripening,and to elucidate its influence on the composition and concentration of free and bound volatile compounds,thereby exploring the underlying mechanisms of BTH in regulating anthocyanin and aroma biosynthesis in grape berries.【Method】Wine grapes Cabernet Gernischt were used as test material,and the whole grapevine was sprayed with 0.37 mmol·L^(-1) BTH solution containing 0.1%Tween 80 at the swelling period.A control group(CK)was sprayed with an equivalent solution of Tween 80 alone.The impact of BTH treatment on grape quality was evaluated by measuring chlorophyll,carotenoids,total anthocyanins,total proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin,as well as changes in concentration and composition of free and bound aroma in grapes.【Result】BTH application notably decreased chlorophyll a,b,and total carotenoid content while enhancing total proanthocyanidins,anthocyanins,and color index of red grapes,thus facilitating grape color development.In addition,BTH significantly upregulated the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,including VvCHS1,VvF3H1,VvDFR,VvLDOX,VvUFGT,and VvMYBA.It also significantly decreased the content of free and bound C_(6)/C_(9) compounds,free straight-chain aliphatic compounds,free branched aliphatics compounds,but increased bound straight-chain aliphatic compounds,free and bound aromatic compounds,bound branched aliphatic compounds,free and bound terpenes,and free and bound norisoprenoids concentrations.By defining qualitative and quantitative biomarkers for grape ripening stages,it was found that aroma evolution from two adjacent developmental stages was markedly different,and BTH significantly influenced the trend of aroma evolution in both free and bound.BTH significantly altered the trend of free aroma at 9 weeks post-flowering(wpf)and 11 wpf as well as in the bound aroma of 11 wpf.The six major categories of aroma,free C

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 ‘蛇龙珠’ 苯并噻二唑 香气 色泽 成熟过程 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]