不同修剪模式对低产老茶园茶树生育及养分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different pruning patterns on the growth and nutrient utilization efficiency of low-yield aged tea plantations

作　　者：刘珈彤 张乐慧 陈丹 余志[1,2] 赵华 郑时兵 倪德江 LIU Jiatong;ZHANG Lehui;CHEN Dan;YU Zhi;ZHAO Hua;ZHENG Shibing;NI Dejiang(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China;National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Xuan′en County Wutai Changchen Tea Industry Co.,Ltd,Enshi 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [3]宣恩县伍台昌臣茶叶有限公司,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《茶叶》2024年第3期145-150,共6页Journal of Tea

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目:茶优质安全高效生产技术集成与产业链一体化示范(2021YFD1000401)。

摘　　要：修剪是低产老茶园树势衰老茶树更新复壮的常用栽培技术。本研究于2022年春茶结束后(5月下旬)对32年树龄的低产老茶园茶树进行轻修剪、重修剪、深修剪和台刈4种不同程度的修剪,并于当年(2022)秋季、次年(2023)春季两轮共进行3次采样,以探究不同修剪模式对低产老茶园衰老茶树树势改造、养分吸收、茶鲜叶品质的影响。结果表明:台刈对低产老茶园的改造效果最佳。与轻修剪、深修剪和重修剪相比,台刈能显著提高茶树游离氨基酸含量,促进茶叶品质的提升;与轻修剪相比,深修剪、重修剪和台刈修剪后,茶树三轮次一芽二叶的氮磷钾含量均呈现下降的趋势,结合游离氨基酸含量变化趋势,表明修剪有利于提升低产衰老茶树的养分利用效率;对于主茎及各级侧枝粗度,深修剪、重修剪及台刈均显著增加茶树主茎、一级侧枝和二级侧枝的茎粗粗度。本试验进一步明晰了不同修剪模式对低产老茶园茶树生育及养分利用效率的影响,对低产老茶园的树势衰老的茶树更新改造具有一定的指导意义。Pruning is commonly used to renew and rejuvenate aged tea plants in low-yield aged tea plantations.In this study,four pruning intensities,light pruning,medium pruning,heavy pruning and collar pruning,were implemented on the 35-year-old tea plants in the late May of 2022.A total of three rounds of tea shoots with two leaves and a bud were harvested in the fall of 2022 and the spring of 2023 to investigate the effects on the tea plant vigor revitalization,nutrient utilization efficiency,and the quality of fresh tea leaves of the rejuvenated tea plants.The results indicate that collar pruning showed the best revitalization effect on the low-yield aged tea plants,as indicated by the thickness of the main stem and branches.Additionally,pruning improved the quality of tea leaves.Compared with that of light pruning,the contents of free amino acids in the young shoots significantly increased with the treatments of medium pruning,heavy pruning,and collar pruning.Moreover,the operations of medium pruning,heavy pruning,and collar pruning reduced the content of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the young shoots of tea plants compared to light pruning.Combined with the trend of free amino acid content,this indicates that the nutrient utilization efficiency of tea plants increased with the increase in depth of pruning.Medium pruning,heavy pruning,and collar pruning significantly thickened the main stem,primary lateral branches,and secondary lateral branches of the tea plants,which is important to tea yield and quality.This study is q a valuable practicefor the rejuvenation of aged tea plants.

关 键 词：低产老茶园 修剪 品质 养分 

分 类 号：S605.1[农业科学—园艺学]