语体机制与词汇替换——基于近代汉语“牲畜”义词演变的考察  

The Mechanism of Register and Lexical Substitution——Based on the Evolution of the Meaning of Shengchu(牲畜)in Modern Chinese

作　　者：王文香 WANG Wen-xiang(School of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,杭州311121

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第4期46-53,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学专项规划课题“域外文献视角下明清汉语通语词汇的形成研究”(24ZJQN021YB);国家社科基金后期资助暨优秀博士论文出版项目“江淮起源型词的历史与语体研究”(21FYB054);杭州师范大学科研启动经费项目“明清基础方言转移与词汇替换:基于几组个案的研究”(RWSK20200418)。

摘　　要：近代汉语阶段“牲畜”这一概念的表述发生了两次词汇替换:汉语史早期常用的“畜”类词在元代被“头匹”“头口”合力取代;至迟到18世纪中期以后,“牲口”替换了“头口”,并一直沿用至今。“牲口”很可能源自江淮地区,“牲畜”义词的替换是基于语言内外两个动因:语体缺位,语言内部语体机制调节的需要及江淮官话词语对通语的渗透。This article examines the evolution of the meaning of Shengchu(牲畜)in Modern Chinese,during which two substitutions occurred:the commonly used Chu(畜)in early Chinese were replaced by Toupi(头匹)and Toukou(头口)in the Yuan(元)Dynasty and the word Shengkou(牲口)replaced Toukou(头口)no later than the mid-18th century and remains in use today.The word Shengkou(牲口)is believed to have originated from Jianghuai(江淮)area.The substitution of the synonymous words for Shengchu(牲畜)is driven by both language-internal and external factors,including the need for register adjustment and the influence of Jianghuai(江淮)Mandarin on common language.

关 键 词：语体 词汇演变 “牲畜”义词 元明易代 江淮官话 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]