论思想的客观性  

On the Objectivity of Thought

作　　者：王路[1,2] WANG Lu

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院 [2]清华大学人文学院哲学系,郑州450000

出　　处：《求是学刊》2024年第5期103-116,共14页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：语言表达认识。语言所表达的东西,即思想,具有客观性。语言在表达思想的时候还带有一种东西,这就是真之条件,即思想在什么情况下是真的。后者也是客观的。人们断定一个句子所表达的东西是不是真的,需要两个条件:其一,思想必须是人们认识的,即在人们经验范围之内;其二,句子的真之条件必须是清楚的,否则人们就无法判定思想是不是真的。对思想的认识是经验的,但是对真之条件的认识不是经验的,而需要借助逻辑的理论和方法。人们一般不知道真之条件,这通常并不影响人们进行交流。哲学中的举例说明就是借助对思想的理解。今天,人们借助关于真之条件的认识,对句子及其表达的东西作出更好的说明。哲学史的发展表明,人们从借助关于语言的考虑进步到借助逻辑的理论和方法,从关于真及其相关问题的探讨进步到关于真之条件的认识,从而使真与意义真正结合起来。Language expresses understanding,and language that conveys thought possesses objectivity.Language also carries with it something when it expresses thought,which is the condition of truth,i.e.,the circumstances under which thought is true.The latter is also objective.Two conditions are needed for people to decide whether what is expressed in a sentence is true or not:first,the thought must be known to people,i.e.,within the scope of people's experiences;and second,the conditions of truth of the sentence must be clear.Otherwise one cannot decide whether the thought is true or not.Knowledge pertaining to thoughts stems from empirical observation,yet the awareness of the prerequisites for truth does not solely rely on empirical means.Rather,it necessitates the invocation of logical theories and methodologies.The fact that people generally do not know the conditions of truth seldom hinders them from communicating.Examples in philosophy are illustrations that draw on the understanding of thoughts.Today,people draw on their knowledge of the conditions of truth to give better explanations of sentences and what they express.The development of the history of philosophy shows that people have progressed from considerations about language to theories and methods of logic,and from explorations about truth and its related issues to the understanding of the conditions of truth,so that truth and meaning are truly combined.

关 键 词：思想 真之条件 客观性 举例 逻辑 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]