基于数字麦克风阵列的声源定位系统研究  

Research on Sound Source Localization System Based on Digital Microphone Array

作　　者：段雯[1] 张永超[1] 张安莉[1] 赵录怀[2] 李浩堉 DUAN Wen;ZHANG Yongchao;ZHANG Anli;ZHAO Luhuai;LI Haoyu(Xi'an JiaoTong University City College,Xi'an 710018,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学城市学院,西安710018 [2]西安交通大学电气学院,西安710048

出　　处：《计算机测量与控制》2024年第10期194-200,共7页Computer Measurement &Control

基　　金：2023陕西省体育局常规课题(2023653);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2022GY-089);机器人与智能制造陕西省高校工程研究中心基金项目(2022GZ04)。

摘　　要：针对当前多麦克风定位阵列需要较大体积、信号采集流程较繁琐、效率较低、实时定位效果差的问题,设计了一个使用3个数字麦克风组成阵列进行声源定位系统;该系统利用3个麦克风的时域信息,采用广义互相关算法对达到时间延迟进行计算,通过阵元几何关系并利用阵元信号的时延,获得了在室内环境下较好的声源定位效果;系统硬件以MAXI-Bit为主控芯片,选用数字麦克风组成三元线阵采集声音数据,MCU采集麦克风信号并进行数据处理实现声源定位;最后,在LCD屏上实时显示声源的方位和距离;此外,为了更加直观地反映声源定位的准确度,还设计了舵机控制模块,舵机模块上固定激光灯指示声源,舵机转动角度随声源位置改变而实时改变;经测试,该系统最大误差为4.68%,且舵机上的激光灯可以随声源位置改变而实时指向声源;该系统可以应用在机械设备故障诊断、鸣笛抓拍等领域,从而提高生产效率。Aimed at the problems of large volume,cumbersome signal acquisition process,low efficiency and poor real-time positioning effect in multi-microphone positioning array,this paper presents a sound source positioning system by which three digital microphones are used to construct an array.The system utilizes the time domain information of three microphones and the generalized cross-correlation algorithm to calculate the arrival time delay.The geometric relationship of the array element and the delay of the array element signal are used to obtain a better sound source localization effect in the indoor environment.Taken MAXI-Bit as a main control chip,the digital microphone in the system hardware is selected to form a three-way linear array and collect the sound data,the MCU collects the microphone signal and processes the data to realize the location of the sound source.Finally,the direction and distance of the sound source are displayed in real time on the LCD screen.In addition,in order to more directly reflect the accuracy of the sound source positioning,a servo control module is also designed,and the laser light is fixed on the servo module to indicate the sound source,and the steering gear rotation angle changes in real time with the change in the sound source position.Through testing,the system has a maximum error of 4.68%,and the laser light on the servo can point to the sound source in real time,with the position of the sound source changed.The system can be applied in mechanical equipment fault diagnosis,whistle capture and other fields,thereby improving production efficiency.

关 键 词：麦克风阵列 声源定位 广义互相关 MAXI-Bit 

分 类 号：TN912.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统]