某高校5起肺结核聚集性疫情特征分析  

Analysis of characteristics of 5 pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics in a university

作　　者：崔灵绸 石海萍 Cui Lingchou;Shi Haiping(The Hospital of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Provincial Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Hospital,Xi’an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学医院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省结核病防治院,西安710100

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2024年第11期1388-1394,共7页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

摘　　要：目的:分析某高校5起肺结核聚集性疫情发生原因,为高校肺结核防控提供有效参考依据。方法:采用回顾性描述分析方法,查阅某高校2014年1月1日至2023年12月31日结核病档案资料,对5起符合肺结核聚集性疫情的流行病学、接触者筛查、患者临床特征和就诊情况、防控措施等资料进行整理,结合实验室检查结果,对疫情传播链、传染源和发生原因进行分析。结果:5起疫情均为因症就诊患者的接触者筛查发现,2014—2018年发生4起、2022年发生1起,集中发生在大学本科二、三年级和学期中间。5起疫情累计关联的23例患者中,91.30%(21/23)为校内学生,8.70%(2/23)为校外家属;95.65%(22/23)为男性学生。21例校内患者,38.10%(8/21)病原学阳性,52.38%(11/21)有症状;11例有症状患者中,8例(72.72%)主动就诊,其中6例就诊延误、4例诊断延误;4例诊断延误中,3例误诊,1例漏报。筛查检出患者16例,均为密切接触学生,密切接触者患者检出率为3.50%(16/457)。结论:高校易发肺结核聚集性疫情,患者就诊延误和未就诊、非结核病定点医疗机构误诊和漏报是主要原因。Objective:To analyze causes of pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics in a university,to provide effective reference for tuberculosis prevention and control in universities.Methods:Retrospective descriptive analysis was used to analyze tuberculosis archives of a university from January 1,2014 to December 31,2023,by sorting out epidemiology,contact screening,clinical characteristics and treatment status of patients,prevention and control measures,and other data of 5 pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics.Then based on laboratory examination results,the chains of transmission,sources of infection and causes of epidemic were analyzed.Results:All 5 cluster epidemics were found by screening contacts of patients who sought medical treatment due to illness,4 occurred in 2014 to 2018,1 occurred in 2022,concentrated in the second and third years of college and in the middle of a semester.Among the 23 patients associated with the 5 cluster epidemics,91.30%(21/23)were campus students and 8.70%(2/23)were off-campus family members;95.65%(22/23)were male students.Of the 21 campus patients,38.10%(8/21)were etiologically positive,and 52.38%(11/21)had symptoms.Of the 11 patients with symptoms,8(72.72%)actively sought medical treatment,of which 6 were delayed in healthcare-seeking and 4 were delayed in diagnosis;among the 4 patients with delay in diagnosis,3 cases were misdiagnosed and 1 case was not reported.Sixteen patients were detected by screening,all of them were close contact students,and the patient detection rate among close contacts was 3.50%(16/457).Conclusion:Universities are prone to pulmonary tuberculosis cluster epidemics,delay in healthcare-seeking,patients not seeking medical care,misdiagnosis and underreporting in non-tuberculosis-designated medical institutions are the main causes.

关 键 词：结核 肺 疾病暴发流行 高校 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]