饲料中不同来源的黑水虻幼虫对红罗非鱼鱼苗生长性能、体色及抗低温胁迫能力的影响  

Effects of Dietary Black Soldier Fly Larvae from Different Sources on Growth Performance,Skin Color,and Cold Resistance Ability of Red Tilapia Fry

作　　者：麦伟豪 胡俊茹 吕晓惠 王国霞 袁海林 刘城 谭小红 黄燕华 周萌 MAI Weihao;HU Junru;LYU Xiaohui;WANG Guoxia;YUAN Hailin;LIU Cheng;TAN Xiaohong;HUANG Yanhua;ZHOU Meng(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition Research,Guangdong Guangzhou 510640,China;Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding,College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangdong Guangzhou 510225,China;Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding,Guangdong Guangzhou 510225,China;Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Prod-ucts Security Engineering Technology Research Center,Guangdong Guangzhou 510225,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院,健康养殖创新研究院,广东广州510225 [3]广州市水产病害与水禽养殖重点实验室,广东广州510225 [4]广东省水环境与水产品安全工程技术研究中心,广东广州510225

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第20期69-76,共8页Feed Industry

基　　金：广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室开放项目[2060503-4];广东省教育厅创新团队项目[2020KCXTD019]。

摘　　要：为评价不同来源的黑水虻幼虫对红罗非鱼的饲用价值,分别用转化菠萝渣、麦麸及餐厨垃圾所得的黑水虻幼虫粉,以4%的比例替代基础饲料中的鱼粉,另在基础饲料中添加商业叶黄素,配制5组等氮等能的饲料,饲喂红罗非鱼鱼苗[初重(0.35±0.01) g] 9周,记录鱼苗的体色变化,检测其生长性能、体表色度及组织类胡萝卜素含量;并在养殖试验结束后8 h内将水温从26℃降至10℃,统计各组鱼苗的死亡率。结果表明,鱼苗的增重率从高到低依次是麦麸转化-黑水虻组、菠萝渣转化-黑水虻组、对照组、叶黄素组和餐厨垃圾转化-黑水虻组。其中,麦麸转化-黑水虻组的增重率显著高于餐厨垃圾转化-黑水虻组,肝体比和脏体比则显著低于餐厨垃圾转化-黑水虻组和菠萝渣转化-黑水虻组(P<0.05)。鱼苗头部及背部的黄度(b^(*))最高值均出现在菠萝转化-黑水虻组,背部鳞片和皮肤、背鳍中的类胡萝卜素含量分别在菠萝渣转化-黑水虻组、麦麸转化-黑水虻组和叶黄素组达到最高,均显著高于对照组和餐厨垃圾转化-黑水虻组(P<0.05)。低温胁迫后,麦麸转化-黑水虻组、菠萝渣转化-黑水虻组的存活率达到了92.5%和85.0%,高于对照组(76.7%),并显著高于餐厨垃圾转化-黑水虻组(69.2%)和叶黄素组(72.5%)(P<0.05)。综上,研究结果表明,转化菠萝渣及麦麸的黑水虻幼虫粉可部分替代鱼粉,改善红罗非鱼鱼苗的生长性能和形体指标,并提高其抗低温胁迫的能力。同时,转化菠萝渣的黑水虻幼虫粉能通过增加类胡萝卜素在组织中的积累,增强鱼体着色,达到和添加叶黄素添加剂类似的效果。To evaluate the dietary value of different sources of black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)for red tilapia(O.mossambicus×O.niloticus),the meal of BSFL reared on pineapple residue(PR),wheat bran(WB),and kitchen waste(KW)was used to replace fish meal in the basal diet at a ratio of 4%,and the commercial xanthophyll was supplemented into the basal diet formulate five iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets.They were fed to red tilapia fry[initial weight(0.35±0.01)g]for 9 weeks,then the skin color changes of fish were recorded,the growth performance,physical indicators,and tissue carotenoid concentration were measured.A cold stress trial was conducted with the water temperature reducing from 26℃to 10℃within 8 hours,and the mortality rate of the fish was calculated.The results showed that,the value of the weight gain rate of the fry from high to low was:the WB-BSFL group,PR-BSFL group,the control group,the Xanthophyll group,and the KW-BSFL group.Among them,the weight gain rate of theWB-BSFL group was significantly higher than that of the KW-BSFL group,while the hepatosomatic index and the viscerosomatic index were significantly lower than those of the WB-BSFL groupand PR-BSFL group(P<0.05).The highest yellowness(b^(*))of the fish head and dorsum was observed in the PR-BSFL group,while that of the abdomen was found in the Xanthophyll group.The total concentration of carotenoid in the scales,skin,and dorsal fin reached the highest levels in the PR-BSFL group,WB-BSFL group,and Xanthophyll group,respectively,which were all significantly higher than that of the control and KW-BSFL groups(P<0.05).After the cold stress,the survival rates of the WB-BSFL and the PR-BSFL groups were 92.5%and 85.0%,higher than that of the control group(76.7%),and significantly higher than those of the KWBSFL group(69.2%)and the Xanthophyll group(72.5%)(P<0.05).In conclusion,this study indicates that the meal of BSFL reared on pineapple residue and wheat bran can improve the growth performance and physical indicators of red tilapia fry,and promote

关 键 词：黑水虻 菠萝渣 餐厨垃圾 麦麸 红罗非鱼 

分 类 号：S816.35[农业科学—饲料科学]