论因适应书写空间引发的古汉字形体变化现象  

On the Phenomenon of Changes in the Shapes of Ancient Chinese Characters Due to Adaptation to Writing Space

作　　者：王先虎 Wang Xianhu(Chinese Department and Research and Conservation Center for of Excavated Texts,Tsinghua University,Beijing 10084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系暨出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《中国文字研究》2024年第1期45-59,共15页The Study of Chinese Characters

摘　　要：商代时简类载体材料限制了汉字形体左右方向的延伸,对形成纵长的汉字外形特征起到了奠基式的作用。西周时铜器铭文中的“田”字形界格约束着汉字过度纵向的拉伸,促使部分瘦窄的汉字向左右延展,促进了早期汉字外形轮廓以及字形大小朝着规整、规范的方向发展。春秋战国时交流增多,受书写者物尽其用心理,以及简类载体空间的限制,日常书写中的汉字形体趋扁化。为适应书写空间,人们主要是以简化、繁化、变化构件组合方式三种方法来调整汉字形体,其中简类、铭文类材料中繁化现象多见,玺印类材料中简化现象明显。从结果来看,这类行为对汉字演进的影响包含积极和消极两个方面。During the Shang dynasty,the materials used lor writing,such as bamboo and wooden slips,limited the horizontal extension of Chinese characters,laying the foundation for the vertically elongated shape of the Chinese characters.In the Western Zhou dynasty,the"田"grid pattern in bronze inscriptions constrained excessive vertical stretching of Chinese characters,prompting some slender and nаrrow Chinese characters to extend horizontally.This encоuraged the development of the overall shape and size of carly Chinese characters towards a more standardized and regular form.During the Spring and Autumnn and Warring Statés periods,increased communication and the writers'tendeney to make full use of the available writing space,along withthe spatial limitations of writing materials,led to a trend of flattening in the shapes of Chinesc characters in daily writing.To adapt to the writing space,people primarily adjusted the shapes of Chinese characters through three methods;simplification,complication,and changing the combination of components.Flaboration was moгесоmmon in bamboo and wooden slips and bronze inscriptions,while simplification was evident in seal inscriptions.These practices had both positive and negative impacts on the evolution of Chinese characters.

关 键 词：古汉字 书写空间 形体变化 

分 类 号：H123[语言文字—汉语]