满族遗老金梁与儒家忠义观  

Nostalgia for the Dethroned Qing Royal Court and Confucian Doctrines of Loyalty and Righteousness:A Case Study of Jin Liang

作　　者：刘小萌[1,2] Liu Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第5期71-84,M0004,M0005,共16页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：学术界对满族遗老金梁的政治立场和价值取向有不同解读。其中,柯娇燕所持金梁一家的基本特征是“满族认同”的观点影响较大。然而,金梁的家世与金梁家“一门忠义”,以及金梁践行忠义的事迹和其忠义观的形成、金梁效力于逊清小朝廷等事实,表明金梁一家的基本特征并非“满族认同”,而是作为中华民族传统文化核心的儒家忠义观。而就民国初期满汉遗老与清朝初期汉人遗老的比较,亦反映儒家忠义观是民初满汉遗老共享的价值观,也是他们超越狭隘的民族认同,并对逊清小朝廷坚守“孤忠”的思想基础。但民初满汉遗老面对民主共和大潮,仍坚持逆历史潮流的立场,其中一些人为复辟清朝,投身于日本帝国主义卵翼下的伪满政权,沦为历史的罪人。Researchers have long debated the political stance and value orientation of Jin Liang,a prominent nostalgist for the dethroned Qing Royal Court during the early Republican era.The prevailing view,as articulated by Ke Jiaoyan,posits that Jin Liang and his family were fundamentally aligned with Manchu identity.However,this perspective is challenged when examining Jin Liang's actions,such as his loyalty,righteousness,and dedication to the fallen royal family.Evidence suggests that Jin Liang and his family were motivated not by a"Manchu identity,"but by Confucian doctrines of loyalty and righteousness.Comparative studies of both Manchu and Han nostalgists of the Qing Royal Court during the early Republican era,and Han nostalgists of the Ming Royal Court in the early Qing dynasty,support this argument.These nostalgists shared Confucian values that enabled them to transcend ethnic identities and remain devoted to the fallen Qing court.Nevertheless,their dedication was ultimately misplaced in an era increasingly defined by democracy and republicanism.Some individuals even conspired to restore the Qing dynasty or supported the puppet Manchu regime under Japanese controlactions that,in retrospect,compromised their historical righteousness.

关 键 词：金梁 满汉关系 儒家忠义观 

分 类 号：K82[历史地理—历史学]