19世纪中叶英国驻华领事的日常生活  

The Quotidian Life of British Consuls in China in the Mid-nineteenth Century

作　　者：张翼 Zhang Yi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第5期142-157,M0006,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1869年,英国驻华各口岸领事向国内提交了关于口岸薪资、物价与雇员情况的报告,详述了英国驻华机构的各项支出。领事们在饮食、供暖、雇工等方面有大量开销,这并非由于本地物价和人力昂贵,而是为维持“体面的”欧式生活而付出的代价。报告中提到领事馆人员的组成、规模和薪资情况,其中对书记和口译等华裔雇员职责的描述,说明华人群体在英国驻华外交机构中的重要性。领事们试图在细节处展现所谓的“文明秩序”,其日常生活方式乃是帝国主义权力的微观呈现。领事馆人员的薪资差异巨大,体现了族裔和阶级的森严壁垒。不过,英国人在日常生活中对华人仆役的依赖也使其遭遇后者的反抗,仆役们尝试用各种手段维护自身利益。In 1869,British consuls at various Chinese treaty ports submitted detailed reports to the British government,covering salaries,commodity prices,and employment conditions.These reports meticulously documented the expenditures of British consular establishments in China,revealing that the costs for provisions,heating,and labor were driven more by the need to maintain a"respectable"European lifestyle than by high local prices or labor costs.The reports also provided insights into the composition,scale,and remuneration of consular personnel,highlighting the crucial roles of Chinese employees,such as writers and linguists,within British diplomatic institutions in China.The consuls'detailed accounts aimed to project a facade of"civilized order,"reflecting imperial power in their daily operations.The significant salary disparities among consular staff underscored the rigid racial and class hierarchies within these institutions,while the British reliance on Chinese servants exposed them to resistance,as these servants employed various strategies to protect their own interests.

关 键 词：中英关系 口岸社会 驻华领事 日常生活 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学]