试论西周赐兵类彝铭及器主之名位  

On the Inscriptions of Weapon-granting Rituals and the Status of Their Owners in the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：胡其伟 Hu Qiwei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《文博》2024年第5期54-61,共8页

摘　　要：西周青铜器多见赐兵类铭文,大部分为上级对下级的赏赐,往往是因为下级的职事具有戎臣属性。这些“戎臣”的等级不同,受赐兵器亦有高低之分,诸侯和少数王朝军政长官所得兵礼器级别最高,为斧钺或彤弓、彤矢一类;其次为一般的师类职官和参与战事的贵族,所得为具有“琱?、缑柲、彤緌”的戈等兵器;还有一类是身具捍卫大宗、家族之责的家臣或小宗族长。赐兵器现象或可作为判断贵族职事所属的依据。Bronze inscriptions from the Western Zhou period often mention the granting of weapons,which typically represents rewards from the superiors to the subordinates,usually because the recipient's duties have the“rongchen”military attributes.These"rongchen military officials"varied in rank,and the weapons they received were of different levels too.The highest-ranking individuals,such as feudal lords and some senior military and political officials of the royal court,were awarded ceremonial weapons like yue axes or red bows and arrows.Next in line were general military officers and noble participants in warfare,who received weapons such as decorated daggers with diaozi,goubi staffs,or tongrui red tassels.Another group comprised household retainers or minor clan leaders responsible for protecting their major lineages or families.The phenomenon of granting weapons can serve as a basis for determining the official duties and rank of nobles of the time.

关 键 词：西周 彝铭 赐兵现象 戎臣 名位 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学] K876.41[历史地理—中国史]