先秦时期天人思想之嬗变  

The Evolution of the Thoughts of Heaven and Man in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：段永升[1] DUAN Yongsheng(School of Literature and Communication,Xianyang Normal University,Xianyang 712000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院文学与传播学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2024年第5期19-27,共9页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：国家留学基金资助项目(CSC202208615049);咸阳师范学院博士科研启动金资助(2018XSYB024)。

摘　　要：先秦天人思想的发展经历了从原始时期的多神崇拜到殷商的“至上神”信仰,再到周人对“天帝”的怀疑和对天人思想内涵的丰富的漫长过程。这一过程反映了“人”自我意识的觉醒与主观能动性的不断增强。大致说来,周以前的“天人关系”是披着宗教神学外衣的“天人合一”。这一时期,“人”完全受制于“天”。西周时期,“人”对“天”产生怀疑,使得“天”的神性色彩和绝对权威不断削弱,“人”的主体地位进一步凸显。到春秋战国时期,天人思想的内涵进一步丰富,“天道自然”“义理之天”“制天命而用之”“自然无为”等,都是对前代天人思想的继承、创新与丰富,同时也为秦汉以来的天人思想提供了直接或间接的理论来源。The development of the pre-Qin thought of Heaven and man has gone through a long process from the worship of polytheism in the primitive period to the belief in the“Supreme God”of the Yin-Shang Dynasty,to the doubts of people of the Zhou Dynasty about the“Emperor of Heaven”and the rich connotation of their thoughts on Heaven and man.This process reflects the awakening of“people’s”self-awareness and the continuous enhancement of subjective initiative.Generally speaking,the“relationship between Heaven and man”before the Zhou Dynasty was the“unity of Heaven and man”cloaked in religious theology.During this period,“man”was completely controlled by“Heaven”.During the Western Zhou Dynasty,“man”had doubts about“Heaven”,which continuously weakened the divine color and absolute authority of“Heaven”and further highlighted the dominant position of“man”.During the Spring-Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the connotation of the thoughts of Heaven and man was further enriched.“The rule of heaven is natural”,“the Heaven of will”,“controlling the destiny of Heaven and using it”,“naturalness and inaction”,etc.are all inheritance,innovation and enrichment of the thoughts of Heaven and man of the previous generation.At the same time,it had also provided a direct or indirect theoretical source for the concepts of Heaven and man since the Qin and Han dynasties.

关 键 词：天人思想 天人合一 绝地天通 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]